Editing Miniaturization (section)

{{short description|Trend to manufacture ever smaller products and devices}}
{{about|the common change in machinery|the science fiction element|Size change in fiction}}
[[File:Apple iPod Chargers.jpg|thumb|Battery chargers for successive generations of [[Apple Inc.|Apple's]] [[iPod]]]]

'''Miniaturization''' ([[British English|Br.Eng.]]: ''miniaturisation'') is the trend to manufacture ever-smaller mechanical, optical, and electronic products and devices. Examples include miniaturization of [[mobile phones]], [[computers]] and vehicle [[engine downsizing]]. In [[electronics]], the exponential [[List of semiconductor scale examples|scaling and miniaturization]] of [[silicon]] [[MOSFET]]s (MOS transistors)<ref name="Motoyoshi"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Tortoise of Transistors Wins the Race - CHM Revolution |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/digital-logic/12/279 |website=[[Computer History Museum]] |access-date=22 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Colinge2005">{{cite book |last1=Colinge |first1=Jean-Pierre |last2=Colinge |first2=C. A. |title=Physics of Semiconductor Devices |date=2005 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |isbn=9780387285238 |page=165 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-o5bAG5pR3AC&pg=PA165}}</ref> leads to the [[transistor count|number of transistors]] on an [[integrated circuit]] chip doubling every two years,<ref name="Siozios">{{cite book |last1=Siozios |first1=Kostas |last2=Anagnostos |first2=Dimitrios |last3=Soudris |first3=Dimitrios |last4=Kosmatopoulos |first4=Elias |title=IoT for Smart Grids: Design Challenges and Paradigms |date=2018 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783030036409 |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P5l7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167}}</ref><ref name="eetimes"/> an observation known as [[Moore's law]].<ref name="Moore1965paper"/><ref name="IntelInterview"/> This leads to [[MOS integrated circuit]]s such as [[microprocessors]] and [[memory chip]]s being built with increasing [[transistor density]], faster performance, and lower [[power consumption]], enabling the miniaturization of [[electronics industry|electronic devices]].<ref name="Sridharan">{{cite book |last1=Sridharan |first1=K. |last2=Pudi |first2=Vikramkumar |title=Design of Arithmetic Circuits in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata Nanotechnology |date=2015 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319166889 |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lJ-1BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1}}</ref><ref name="Colinge2005"/>