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Misdirection (magic)
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{{Short description|Form of theatrical deception}} {{Other uses|Misdirection (disambiguation){{!}}Misdirection}} [[File:Hieronymus Bosch 051.jpg|thumb|In [[Hieronymus Bosch|Bosch]]'s painting ''The Conjurer'', the figure on the left steals an item from an audience member who is intently watching the performance of a magic trick]] In [[Magic (illusion)|theatrical magic]], '''misdirection''' is a form of [[deception]] in which the performer draws [[audience]] [[attention]] to one thing to distract it from another. Managing audience attention is the aim of all theater, and the foremost requirement of all magic acts. Whether the magic is of a "pocket trick" variety or a large stage production, misdirection is the central secret. The term describes either the effect (the observer's focus on an unimportant object) or the [[sleight of hand]] or [[patter]] (the magician's speech) that creates it. It is difficult to say who first coined the term, but an early reference to misdirection appears in the writing of an influential performer and writer, [[Nevil Maskelyne (magician)|Nevil Maskelyne]]: "It consists admittedly in misleading the spectator's ''senses,'' in order to screen from detection certain details for which secrecy is required."<ref>Our Magic, page 117, second edition copyright 1946</ref> Around the same time, magician, artist and author [[Harlan Tarbell]] noted, "Nearly the whole art of sleight of hand depends on this art of misdirection."<ref>Harlan Tarbell, The Tarbell Course in Magic Vol. 1</ref> [[Henry Hay (writer)|Henry Hay]] describes the central act of conjuring as "a manipulation of interest."<ref>Henry Hay, The Amateur Magicians Handbook, pg. 2, copyright 1972</ref> Magicians misdirect audience attention in two basic ways. One leads the audience to look away for a fleeting moment, so that they don't detect some sleight or move. The other approach re-frames the audience's [[perception]], distracting them into thinking that an extraneous factor has much to do with the accomplishment of the feat when it really has no bearing on the effect at all. Dariel Fitzkee notes that "The true skill of the magician is in the skill he exhibits in influencing the spectators mind."<ref>Dariel Fitzkee, Magic by Misdirection, pg. 33, copyright 1975</ref> Additionally, sometimes a prop such as a "[[magic wand]]" aids in misdirection.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lantiere|first1=Joe|title=The magician's wand : a history of mystical rods of power|date=2004|publisher=Olde World Magick|location=Oakville, CT|isbn=9780962769559|edition=Rev}}</ref>
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