Editing Mixtec (section)

{{Short description|Ethnic group}}
{{For|the language group|Mixtec languages}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Mixtec<br />''Ñuù savi''
| image = [[File:Jarabe Mixteco.jpg|235px]]
<br/>[[File:Oaxaca ocho venado.png|235px]]
| image_caption = Mixtec king and warlord [[Eight Deer Jaguar Claw]] (right) Meeting with Four Jaguar, in a depiction from the pre-Columbian ''[[Codex Zouche-Nuttall]].''
| population = Approximately 830,000<ref>Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indios (CDI) (2000): ''[http://cdi.gob.mx/index.php?id_seccion=660 Lenguas indígenas de México].'' Viewed 30 November 2006.</ref><ref>Instituto de los Mexicanos en el Exterior: ''[http://www.ime.gob.mx/noticias/lazos/2005/409.htm Lazos. Síntesis informativa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192134/http://www.ime.gob.mx/noticias/lazos/2005/409.htm |date=3 March 2016 }}'', 24 January 2005. Viewed 30 November 2006</ref>
| popplace = {{flag|Mexico}} ([[Oaxaca]], [[Puebla]], [[Guerrero]], [[Chiapas]])<br/>{{flag|United States}}
| langs = [[Mixtec language|Mixtec]], Spanish
| rels = [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] with elements of traditional beliefs
| related = [[Zapotec peoples|Zapotecs]], [[Triqui|Trique]]
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
}}
{{Infobox ethnonym
|root = 
|person = 
|people = [[Mixtec]]<br /><small>ñuù savi, nayívi savi,<br />ñuù davi, nayivi davi</small>
|language = [[Mixtec languages|Mixtec]]<br /><small>sa'an davi, da'an davi, tu'un savi,..</small>
|country = [[La Mixteca|Mixteca]]<br /><small>Ñuu Savi, Ñuu Djau, Ñuu Davi,..</small>
}}

[[File:British Museum Mixtec.jpg|thumb|260px|Turquoise mosaic mask. Mixtec-Aztec, 1400–1521 AD]]

The '''Mixtecs''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|iː|s|t|ɛ|k|s|,_|ˈ|m|iː|ʃ|t|ɛ|k|s}}),<ref>{{OED|Mixtec}}</ref> or '''Mixtecos''', are Indigenous [[Mesoamerica]]n peoples of Mexico inhabiting the region known as [[La Mixteca]] of [[Oaxaca]] and [[Puebla]] as well as La Montaña Region and [[Costa Chica of Guerrero|Costa Chica]] Regions of the state of [[Guerrero]]. The [[Mixtec culture]] was the main Mixtec civilization, which lasted from around 1500 BCE until being conquered by the Spanish in 1523.

The Mixtec region is generally divided into three subregions based on geography: the [[Mixteca Alta]] (Upper Mixtec or Ñuu Savi Sukun), the [[Mixteca Baja]] (Lower Mixtec or Ñuu I'ni), and the [[La Mixteca|Mixteca Costa]] (Coastal Mixtec or Ñuu Andivi). The Alta is drier with higher elevations, while the Baja is lower in elevation, hot but dry, and the Costa is also low in elevation but much more humid and tropical. The Alta has seen the most study by archaeologists, with evidence for human settlement going back to the [[Archaic period in Mesoamerica|Archaic]] and Early [[Mesoamerican chronology#Preclassic Era or Formative Period|Formative period]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Joyce |first=Arthur |title=Mixtecs, Zapotecs, and Chatinos: Ancient Peoples of Southern Mexico |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |year=2009 |isbn=978-0631209782}}</ref> The first urbanized sites emerged here. Long considered to be part of the larger Mixteca region, groups living in the Baja were probably more culturally related to neighboring peoples in Eastern Guerrero than they were to the Mixtecs of the Alta.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gutiérrez |first=Gerardo |title=After Monte Albán: Transformation and Negotiation in Oaxaca, Mexico |publisher=University Press of Colorado |isbn=978-1-60732-597-0 |pages=367–362 |chapter=Classic and Postclassic Archaeological Features of the Mixteca-Tlapaneca-Nahua region of Guerrero: Why Didn’t Anyone Tell Me the Classic was Over|date=7 February 2017 }}</ref> They even had their own hieroglyphic writing system called ñuiñe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lind |first=Michael |date=2008 |title=Arqueología de la Mixteca |url=https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/139/13902702.pdf |journal=Desacatos |volume=27 |pages=13–32}}</ref> The Costa only came under control of the Mixtecs during the military campaigns of the Mixtec cultural hero [[Eight Deer Jaguar Claw]]. Originally from [[Tilantongo]] in the Alta, Eight Deer and his armies conquered several major and minor kingdoms on their way to the coast, establishing the capital of [[Tututepec]] in the Lower Río Verde valley. Previously, the Costa had been primarily occupied by the [[Chatinos]].

In [[Mesoamerica|pre-Columbian times]], some Mixtec kingdoms competed and allied with each other and with [[Zapotec civilization|Zapotec kingdoms]] in the Central Valleys. Like the rest of the [[Indigenous peoples of Mexico]], the Mixtecs were [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|conquered by the Spanish invaders and their Indigenous allies]] in the 16th century. Pre-Columbian Mixtecs numbered around 1.5&nbsp;million.<ref>archaeology.about.com › ... › Archaeology 101 › Glossary › M Terms</ref> Today there are approximately 800,000 Mixtec people in Mexico, and there are also large populations in the United States. The Mixtec languages form a major branch of the [[Oto-Manguean languages|Oto-Manguean language family]].