Editing Modern art (section)

{{Short description|Artistic period from the 1860s–1970s}}
{{about|art produced from the 1860s to the 1970s|art produced from the 1940s to the present|contemporary art}}
{{use shortened footnotes|date=April 2021}}
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| image1 = Vincent van Gogh - Road with Cypress and Star - c. 12-15 May 1890.jpg
| caption1 = [[Vincent van Gogh]], ''[[Road with Cypress and Star|Country Road in Provence by Night]],'' 1889, May 1890, [[Kröller-Müller Museum]]
| image2 = Les Grandes Baigneuses, par Paul Cézanne, Yorck.jpg
| caption2 =[[Paul Cézanne]], ''[[The Bathers (Cézanne)|The Large Bathers]]'', 1898–1905
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{{History of art sidebar}}
'''Modern art''' includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and [[philosophies]] of the [[art]] produced during that era.{{sfn |Atkins |1997 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/artspeakguidetoc00atki_0/page/118/mode/2up 118–119]}} The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation.{{sfn |Gombrich |1995 |p=[https://archive.org/details/storyofart00gomb_0/page/557/mode/1up 557]}} Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency away from the [[narrative]], which was characteristic of the traditional arts, toward [[abstraction]] is characteristic of much modern art. More recent artistic production is often called [[contemporary art]] or [[Postmodern art]].

Modern art begins with the post-impressionist painters like [[Vincent van Gogh]], [[Paul Cézanne]], [[Paul Gauguin]], [[Georges Seurat]] and [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]]. These artists were essential to modern art's development.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Post-Impressionism {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/post-impressionism |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref> At the beginning of the 20th century [[Henri Matisse]] and several other young artists including the [[Proto-Cubism|pre-cubists]] [[Georges Braque]], [[André Derain]], [[Raoul Dufy]], [[Jean Metzinger]] and [[Maurice de Vlaminck]] revolutionized the Paris art world with "wild," multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called [[Fauvism]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rewald |first=Authors: Sabine |title=Fauvism {{!}} Essay {{!}} The Metropolitan Museum of Art {{!}} Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/fauv/hd_fauv.htm |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |language=en}}</ref> Matisse's two versions of ''[[The Dance (painting)|The Dance]]'' signified a key point in his career and the development of modern painting.{{sfn|Clement|1996|p=114}} It reflected Matisse's incipient fascination with [[primitive art]]: the intense warm color of the figures against the cool blue-green background and the rhythmical succession of the dancing nudes convey the feelings of emotional liberation and [[hedonism]].

At the start of [[20th-century Western painting]], and initially influenced by [[Toulouse-Lautrec]], [[Gauguin]] and other late-19th-century innovators, [[Pablo Picasso]] made his first [[Cubism|Cubist]] paintings.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fraser |first=Jennifer Lorraine |title=Origins of Contemporary Art, Design, and Interiors |url=https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/artcultures/part/genesis-of-modernism/ |publisher=PressBooks |chapter=Part 3. Genesis of Modernism |language=en-ca |via=Open Library}}</ref> Picasso based these works on Cézanne's idea that all depiction of nature can be reduced to three solids: [[cube]], [[sphere]] and [[cone (geometry)|cone]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reff |first=Theodore |date=1977-10-01 |title=Cézanne on Solids and Spaces  |url=https://www.artforum.com/features/cezanne-on-solids-and-spaces-209329/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Artforum |language=en-US}}</ref> Picasso dramatically created a new and radical picture depicting a raw and primitive brothel scene with five prostitutes, violently painted women, reminiscent of [[African tribal masks]] and his new Cubist inventions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wolfe |first=Shira |date=2021-10-21 |title=Les Demoiselles d'Avignon: Analysis of Picasso's Iconic Painting |url=https://magazine.artland.com/les-demoiselles-davignon-analysis-picasso-painting/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Artland Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Between 1905 and 1911 [[German Expressionism]] emerged in [[Die Brücke|Dresden]] and [[Der Blaue Reiter|Munich]] with artists like [[Ernst Ludwig Kirchner]], [[Wassily Kandinsky]], [[Franz Marc]], [[Paul Klee]] and [[August Macke]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Die Brücke (The Bridge) |url=https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/die-brucke-the-bridge |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=Shows That Made Contemporary Art History |url=https://magazine.artland.com/the-shows-that-made-contemporary-art-history-the-first-exhibition-of-der-blaue-reiter/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Artland Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Analytic cubism]] was jointly developed by Picasso and [[Georges Braque]], exemplified by ''Violin and Candlestick, Paris,'' from about 1908 through 1912.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rewald |first=Authors: Sabine |title=Cubism {{!}} Essay {{!}} The Metropolitan Museum of Art {{!}} Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cube/hd_cube.htm |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |language=en}}</ref> Analytic cubism, the first clear manifestation of cubism, was followed by [[Synthetic cubism]], practiced by Braque, Picasso, [[Fernand Léger]], [[Juan Gris]], [[Albert Gleizes]], [[Marcel Duchamp]] and several other artists into the 1920s. [[Synthetic cubism]] is characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, [[collage]] elements, [[papier collé]] and a large variety of merged subject matter.{{sfn |Scobie |1988 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/gertrudesteinma004194/page/104/mode/2up?q=synthetic 103–107]}}{{sfn |John-Steiner |2006 |p=[{{Google books |id=fEFRDAAAQBAJ |page=69 |plainurl=yes}} 69]}}

The notion of modern art is closely related to [[Modernism]].{{efn|"One way of understanding the relation of the terms 'modern,' 'modernity,' and 'Modernism' is that aesthetic modernism is a form of art characteristic of high or actualized late modernity, that is, of that period in which social, economic, and cultural life in the widest sense [was] revolutionized by modernity ... [this means] that Modernist art is scarcely thinkable outside the context of the modernized society of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Social modernity is the home of Modernist art, even where that art rebels against it." — Lawrence E. Cahoone{{sfn |Cahoone |1996 |p=[https://archive.org/details/frommodernismtop0000unse/page/13/mode/1up 13]}}}}
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