Editing Montenegrin language (section)

{{Short description|Normative variety of Serbo-Croatian in Montenegro}}
{{Redirect|Crnogorski|other uses|Montenegrin (disambiguation){{!}}Montenegrin}}

{{Infobox language
| name             = Montenegrin
| nativename       = {{lang-cnr-Latn-Cyrl|crnogorski|црногорски|label=none}}
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|cnr|tsr̩nǒɡorskiː|}}
| states           = [[Montenegro]]
| ethnicity        = [[Montenegrins (ethnic group)|Montenegrins]]
| speakers         = 232,600 ([[#Official status and speakers' preference|see text]])
| date             = 
| ref              = 
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2             = [[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]]
| fam3             = [[Slavic languages|Slavic]]
| fam4             = [[South Slavic languages|South Slavic]]
| fam5             = [[Western South Slavic languages|Western]]
| fam6             = [[Serbo-Croatian]]
| script           = {{ubl|[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Montenegrin Latin alphabet]]) | [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] ([[Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet]]) | [[Yugoslav Braille]]}}
| nation           = {{MNE}}
| minority         = [[Mali Iđoš]] municipality ([[Vojvodina]], Serbia)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2017/08/07/serbian-montenegrins-demand-right-to-use-native-language-08-04-2017/|title = Serbian Montenegrins Demand Official Language Rights|date = 7 August 2017}}</ref>
| agency           = Board for Standardization of the Montenegrin Language
| iso2             = cnr
| iso2comment      = <ref name=iso6392>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php|title=ISO 639-2 Language Code List – Codes for the representation of names of languages (Library of Congress)|website=www.loc.gov}}</ref>
| iso3             = cnr
| iso3comment      = <ref name=iso6393>{{cite web|url=http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=cnr|title=cnr – ISO 639-3|website=www-01.sil.org}}</ref>
| lingua           = part of [[53-AAA-g]]
| notice           = IPA
| glotto           = mont1282
| glottorefname    = Montenegrin Standard
| fam7             = [[Shtokavian]]
| fam8             = New Shtokavian
| fam9             = [[Eastern Herzegovinian dialect|Eastern Herzegovinian]]
}}
{{South Slavic languages sidebar}}
'''Montenegrin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|ɒ|n|t|ᵻ|ˈ|n|iː|ɡ|r|ᵻ|n}} {{respell|MON|tin|EE|grin}};<ref>{{Cite book|title=Collins English Dictionary|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2018|isbn=978-0-008-28437-4|edition=13th|chapter=Montenegrin}}</ref>{{efn |name="pronunciations"}} {{lang|cnr-Latn|crnogorski}}, {{lang|cnr-Cyrl|црногорски}}) is a [[variety (linguistics)#Standard varieties|normative variety]] of the [[Serbo-Croatian]] language<ref>{{cite book|last=Šipka|first=Danko|author-link=Danko Sipka|year=2019|title=Lexical layers of identity: words, meaning, and culture in the Slavic languages|location=New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=201|doi=10.1017/9781108685795|isbn=978-953-313-086-6|s2cid=150383965|lccn=2018048005 |oclc=1061308790|quote=the Montenegrin language (one of the four ethnic variants of Serbo-Croatian)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Jelena|last=Ćalić|title=Pluricentricity in the classroom: the Serbo-Croatian language issue for foreign language teaching at higher education institutions worldwide|journal=Sociolinguistica: European Journal of Sociolinguistics|publisher=De Gruyter|issn=0933-1883|doi=10.1515/soci-2021-0007|volume=35|issue=1|pages=113–140|year=2021|s2cid=244134335 |quote=The debate about the status of the Serbo-Croatian language and its varieties has recently shifted (again) towards a position which looks at the internal variation within Serbo-Croatian through the prism of linguistic pluricentricity|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mader Skender|first=Mia|title=Die kroatische Standardsprache auf dem Weg zur Ausbausprache|language=German|trans-title=The Croatian standard language on the way to ausbau language|chapter=Schlussbemerkung|trans-chapter=Summary|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/215815/|format=PDF|publisher=University of Zurich, Faculty of Arts, Institute of Slavonic Studies|series=UZH Dissertations|pages=196–197|location=Zurich|year=2022|doi=10.5167/uzh-215815 |accessdate=8 June 2022|type=Dissertation |quote=Serben, Kroaten, Bosnier und Montenegriner immer noch auf ihren jeweiligen Nationalsprachen unterhalten und problemlos verständigen. Nur schon diese Tatsache zeigt, dass es sich immer noch um eine polyzentrische Sprache mit verschiedenen Varietäten handelt.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Kordić|first=Snježana|author-link=Snježana Kordić|editor-last1=Nomachi|editor-first1=Motoki|editor-link1=Motoki Nomachi|editor-last2=Kamusella|editor-first2=Tomasz|editor-link2=Tomasz Kamusella|title=Languages and Nationalism Instead of Empires|publisher=[[Routledge]]|series=Routledge Histories of Central and Eastern Europe|pages=168–169|chapter=Ideology Against Language: The Current Situation in South Slavic Countries|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372202077|chapter-format=PDF|language=en|location=London|year=2024|doi=10.4324/9781003034025-11|doi-access=|isbn=978-0-367-47191-0|lccn=|oclc=1390118985|s2cid=259576119|s2cid-access=|ssrn=4680766|ssrn-access=free|id={{COBISS.SR|125229577}}. {{COBISS|171014403}}|archive-url=https://archive.org/details/kordic-ideology-against-language |archive-date=2024-01-10|access-date=2024-01-23|url-status=live}}</ref> mainly used by [[Montenegrins (ethnic group)|Montenegrins]] and is the official language of [[Montenegro]]. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, [[Shtokavian dialect|Shtokavian]], more specifically on [[Eastern Herzegovinian dialect|Eastern Herzegovinian]], which is also the basis of Standard [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], and [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]].<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/content/Serbian_Croatian_Bosnian_or_Montenegrin_Many_In_Balkans_Just_Call_It_Our_Language_/1497105.html Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Or Montenegrin? Or Just 'Our Language'?], ''[[Radio Free Europe]]'', February 21, 2009</ref>

Montenegro's language has historically and traditionally been called either Serbian or Montenegrin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=1991|title=Reprint: A speech in the Assembly gathering on the 16th of February, 1898. made during the respective discussion by the representative of Ante Trumbić|journal=Kolo Matice Hrvatske|volume=1, 2|pages=200–201}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title="O Crnogorcima: Pisma sa Cetinja 1878. godine"|last=Nenadović|first=Ljubomir|year=1889|isbn=86-7558-383-4|location=Novi Sad|publisher=Чигоја штампа}}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Montenegro |volume= 18  |last= Bourchier |first= James David |author-link= James David Bourchier | pages = 766–773; see page 771, third para |quote= Language and Literature.—The Montenegrin language is practically identical with the Serbo-Croatian: it exhibits certain dialectical variations, and has borrowed to some extent from the Turkish and Italian....}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=La questione Montenegrina|last=De Bajza|first=Giuseppe|publisher=Casa editrice Franklin|year=1928|location=Budapest, Hungary}}</ref> The idea of a standardized Montenegrin standard language separate from [[Serbian language|Serbian]] appeared in the 1990s during the [[breakup of Yugoslavia]] through proponents of [[2006 Montenegrin independence referendum|Montenegrin independence]] from [[Serbia and Montenegro]]. Montenegrin became the [[official language]] of Montenegro with the ratification and proclamation of a new [[Constitution of Montenegro|constitution]] in October 2007.<ref name="CafedelMontenegro">{{cite news |date=2007-10-20 |title=Crna Gora dobila novi Ustav |url=http://www.cafemontenegro.com/index.php?group=23&news=7498 |publisher=[[Radio Antena M|Antena M]] |language=Montenegrin}}</ref>