Editing Monza Circuit (section)

{{Short description|Race track in Italy}}
{{Other uses|Monza (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox motorsport venue
| Name           = Monza Circuit
| Former_names   = Autodromo Nazionale di Monza (1965–1974, 1983–present)<br />Autodromo di Monza (1928–1964, 1975–1982)<br />Circuito di Milano (1922–1927)
| Nicknames      = ''The Temple of Speed''
| Location       = [[Monza]], Italy<ref name=MonzaNetCompany>{{cite web|title=Autodromo Nazionale Monza – Company profile|url=http://www.monzanet.it/eng/company_profile.aspx|work=Autodromo Nazionale Monza|publisher=MonzaNet.it|year=2007|access-date=17 September 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725113913/http://www.monzanet.it/eng/company_profile.aspx|archive-date=25 July 2009}}</ref>
| Coordinates    = {{Coord|45|37|14|N|9|17|22|E|type:landmark_region:IT-MI|display=inline,title}}
| Time           = [[Central European Time|CET]] (UTC+1)<br />[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])
| Logo           = [[File:Autodromo Nazionale Monza circuit logo.png|160px]]
| Image          = [[File:Monza track map.svg|260px]]
| Image_caption  = Modern Grand Prix Circuit (2000–present)
| Capacity       = 118,865<ref>{{cite web |title=Formula 1 Heineken Gran Premio d'Italia 2021 – Media Kit |url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/italian_gp_2021_media_kit_light.pdf |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA)]] |date=10 September 2021 |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>
| FIAGrade       = 1
| Owner          = [[Monza|Comune di Monza]] & [[Milano]]<ref name=MonzaNetCompany/>
| Operator       = SIAS S.p.A.<ref name=MonzaNetCompany/>
| Broke_ground   = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1922|05|15}}
| Opened         = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1922|09|03}}
| Architect      = Alfredo Rosselli 
| Events         = '''Current:'''<br />'''[[Formula One]]'''<br />''[[Italian Grand Prix]]'' (1950–1979, 1981–present)<br />'''[[GT World Challenge Europe]]''' (2013–2019, 2021, 2023–present)<br />'''[[TCR World Tour]]''' (2025)<br />'''[[Monza Rally Show]]''' (1978–2000, 2003–2021, 2023–present)<br />'''Former:'''<br />[[FIA World Endurance Championship|FIA WEC and predecessors]]<br />''[[6 Hours of Monza]]'' (1949–1988, 1990–1992, 1995–2001, 2003–2005, 2007–2008, 2021–2023)<br />[[Grand Prix motorcycle racing]]<br />''[[Italian motorcycle Grand Prix]]'' (1949–1968, 1970–1971, 1973, 1981, 1983, 1986–1987)<br />[[Superbike World Championship|World SBK]] (1990, 1992–1993, 1995–2013)<br />[[FIM Endurance World Championship|FIM EWC]] (1964–1965, 1985, 1987)<br />[[World Touring Car Championship|WTCC]] ''[[FIA WTCR Race of Italy|Race of Italy]]''<br />(2005–2008, 2010–2013, 2017)<br />[[Race of Two Worlds]] (1957–1958)
| Layout1        = Modern Grand Prix Circuit (2000–present)
| Surface        = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| Length_km      = 5.793<ref name=F1.comLap/><ref name=MonzaNetStats>{{cite web |title=Autodromo Nazionale Monza – Areas & Structures |url=http://www.monzanet.it/eng/spazi_strutture.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618011356/http://www.monzanet.it/eng/spazi_strutture.aspx |work=Autodromo Nazionale Monza |publisher=MonzaNet.it |year=2007 |archive-date=18 June 2008 |access-date=17 September 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Length_mi      = 3.600
| Turns          = 11
| Record_time    = 1:21.046<br />({{cvt|159.91|mph|kph|abbr=on|order=flip}})
<!-- Lap records are set during races only. qualifying, practice or testing laps do not count. So, please do not change this to Lewis Hamilton's time of 1:18.887 set during qualifying for the 2020 Italian Grand Prix - only laps set during a race count towards the lap record -->
| Record_driver  = {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rubens Barrichello]]
| Record_car     = [[Ferrari F2004]]
| Record_year    = [[2004 Italian Grand Prix|2004]]
| Record_class   = [[Formula One|F1]]
| Layout2        = Motorcycle Circuit (2010–present)
| Surface2       = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| Length_km2     = 5.777
| Length_mi2     = 3.590
| Turns2         = 11
| Record_time2   = 1:42.229
| Record_driver2 = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tom Sykes]]
| Record_car2    = [[Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R]]
| Record_year2   = [[2013 Superbike World Championship|2013]]
| Record_class2  = [[Superbike World Championship|World SBK]]
| Layout3        = Junior Course (1959–present)
| Surface3       = Asphalt
| Length_km3     = 2.405<ref name=MonzaNetStats/>
| Length_mi3     = 1.494
| Turns3         = 4
| Record_time3   = 0:54.300
| Record_driver3 = {{flagicon|ITA|1946}} [[Giorgio Schön]] 
| Record_car3    = [[Porsche 934|Porsche 934/76]]
| Record_year3   = 1976
| Record_class3  = [[Group 5 (motorsport)#4th Generation Group 5 – "Special Production Cars" (1976 to 1982)|Group 5]]
| Layout4        = Grand Prix Circuit (1996–1999)
| Surface4       = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| Length_km4     = 5.770
| Length_mi4     = 3.585
| Turns4         = 14
| Record_time4   = 1:24.808
| Record_driver4 = {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Mika Häkkinen]]
| Record_car4    = [[McLaren MP4/12]]
| Record_year4   = [[1997 Italian Grand Prix|1997]]
| Record_class4  = [[Formula One|F1]]
| Layout5        = Grand Prix Circuit (1994–1995)
| Surface5       = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| Length_km5     = 5.834
| Length_mi5     = 3.625
| Turns5         = 14
| Record_time5   = 1:24.808
| Record_driver5 = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Damon Hill]]
| Record_car5    = [[Williams FW16#FW16B|Williams FW16B]]
| Record_year5   = [[1994 Italian Grand Prix|1994]]
| Record_class5  = [[Formula One|F1]]
| Layout6        = Grand Prix Circuit (1976–1993)
| Surface6       = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| Length_km6     = 5.800
| Length_mi6     = 3.604
| Turns6         = 14
| Record_time6   = 1:23.575
| Record_driver6 = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Damon Hill]]
| Record_car6    = [[Williams FW15C]]
| Record_year6   = [[1993 Italian Grand Prix|1993]]
| Record_class6  = [[Formula One|F1]]
| Layout7        = Grand Prix Circuit (1974–1976)
| Surface7       = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| Length_km7     = 5.780
| Length_mi7     = 3.592
| Turns7         = 11
| Record_time7   = 1:29.600
| Record_driver7 = {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]
| Record_car7    = [[Renault Alpine A442]]
| Record_year7   = [[1976 World Sportscar Championship|1976]]
| Record_class7  = [[Group 6 (motorsport)#Group 6 Two-Seater Racing Cars (1976 to 1982)|Group 6]]
| Layout8        = Grand Prix Circuit (1972–1973)
| Surface8       = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| Length_km8     = 5.775
| Length_mi8     = 3.580
| Turns8         = 11
| Record_time8   = 1:21.900
| Record_driver8 = {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Cevert]]
| Record_car8    = [[Matra-Simca MS670]]
| Record_year8   = [[1973 World Sportscar Championship|1973]]
| Record_class8  = [[Group 5 (motorsport)#3rd Generation Group 5 – "Sports Cars" (1972 to 1975)|Group 5]]
| Layout9        = Grand Prix Circuit (1955–1959, 1962–1971)<br>Motorcycle Circuit (1955–1973)
| Surface9       = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| Length_km9     = 5.750
| Length_mi9     = 3.573
| Turns9         = 7
| Record_time9   = 1:23.800
| Record_driver9 = {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Henri Pescarolo]] 
| Record_car9    = [[March 711]]
| Record_year9   = [[1971 Italian Grand Prix|1971]]
| Record_class9  = [[Formula One|F1]]
| Layout10       = Oval (1955–1971)
| Surface10      = Concrete/Asphalt
| Length_km10    = 4.250<ref name=MonzaNetStats/>
| Length_mi10    = 2.641
| Turns10        = 2
| Banking10      = ≈30°
| Record_time10  = 0:54.000<br />({{cvt|176.06|mph|kph|abbr=on|order=flip}})
| Record_driver10= {{flagicon|USA|1912}} [[Bob Veith]]
| Record_car10   = ''Bowes Seal Fast Special''
| Record_year10  = 1958
| Record_class10 = [[IndyCar]]
| Layout11       = Combined Course (1955–1971)
| Surface11      = Asphalt/Concrete
| Length_km11    = 10.000
| Length_mi11    = 6.213
| Turns11        = 9
| Record_time11  = 2:43.600<br />({{cvt|138.58|mph|kph|abbr=on|order=flip}})
| Record_driver11= {{flagicon|USA}} [[Phil Hill]]
| Record_car11   = [[Ferrari 246 F1]]
| Record_year11  = [[1960 Italian Grand Prix|1960]]
| Record_class11 = [[Formula One|F1]]
| Layout12       = Grand Prix Circuit (1948–1954)
| Length_km12    = 6.300
| Length_mi12    = 3.915
| Turns12        = 7
| Record_time12  = 1:56.200
| Record_driver12= {{flagicon|ITA|1946}} [[Giuseppe Farina]]
| Record_car12   = [[Alfa Romeo 158/159 Alfetta|Alfa Romeo 159M]]
| Record_year12  = [[1951 Italian Grand Prix|1951]]
| Record_class12 = [[Formula One|F1]]
| Layout13       = Florio Circuit (1938–1949)
| Length_km13    = 6.993
| Length_mi13    = 4.345
| Turns13        = 17
| Record_time13  = 2:34.200
| Record_driver13= {{flagicon|GER|1935}} [[Hermann Lang]]
| Record_car13   = [[Mercedes-Benz W154]] 
| Record_year13  = [[1938 Italian Grand Prix|1938]]
| Record_class13 = [[Grand Prix motor racing|GP]]
| Layout14       = Florio Circuit with Temporary Chicanes (1935–1937)
| Length_km14    = 6.952
| Length_mi14    = 4.320
| Turns14        = 23
| Record_time14  = 2:49.800
| Record_driver14= {{flagicon|ITA|1861}} [[Tazio Nuvolari]]
| Record_car14   = [[Alfa Romeo 8C#1935 Monoposto 8C 35 Type C|Alfa Romeo Monoposto Tipo-C "8C-35"]]
| Record_year14  = [[1935 Italian Grand Prix|1935]]
| Record_class14 = [[Grand Prix motor racing|GP]]
| Layout15       = Grand Prix Circuit (1934)
| Length_km15    = 4.329
| Length_mi15    = 2.690
| Turns15        = 13
| Record_time15  = 2:13.600
| Record_driver15= {{flagicon|GER|1933}} [[Hans Stuck]]
| Record_car15   = [[Auto Union Type A]]
| Record_year15  = [[1934 Italian Grand Prix|1934]]
| Record_class15 = [[Grand Prix motor racing|GP]]
| Layout16       = Original Grand Prix Circuit (1922–1933)
| Length_km16    = 10.000
| Length_mi16    = 6.214
| Turns16        = 9
| Record_time16  = 3:13.200
| Record_driver16= {{flagicon|ITA|1861}} [[Luigi Fagioli]]
| Record_car16   = [[Alfa Romeo P3]]
| Record_year16  = [[1933 Italian Grand Prix|1933]]
| Record_class16 = [[Grand Prix motor racing|GP]]
}}

The '''Monza Circuit''' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: {{lang|it|Autodromo Nazionale di Monza}}; {{literally|Monza National Racetrack}}) is a {{cvt|5.793|km|mi|abbr=on}} [[race track]] near the city of [[Monza]], north of [[Milan]], in Italy. Built in 1922, it was the world's third purpose-built motor racing circuit after [[Brooklands]] and [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway|Indianapolis]] and the oldest in [[mainland Europe]].{{dubious|date=September 2021}}<ref name=MonzaNetHistory>{{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.monzanet.it/en/autodromo/history/|work=Autodromo Nazionale Monza|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011131936/https://www.monzanet.it/en/autodromo/history/|archive-date=11 October 2016}}</ref> The circuit's biggest event is the [[Italian Grand Prix]]. With the exception of the [[1980 Italian Grand Prix|1980]] running when the track was closed while undergoing refurbishment, the race has been hosted there since [[1949 Italian Grand Prix|1949]].<ref name=F1.comHistory>{{cite web|title=The hidden history of the Monza banking|url=http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2005/8/3500.html|work=Formula One Administration Ltd|publisher=Formula1.com|date=30 August 2005|access-date=17 September 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091002073754/http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2005/8/3500.html| archive-date= 2 October 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> The circuit is also known as "The Temple of Speed" due to its long straights and high-speed corners.

Built in the [[Royal Villa of Monza]] park in a woodland setting,<ref name=MonzaNet1922>{{cite web|title=1922–1928: Construction and first races on the original tracks|url=http://www.monzanet.it/eng/storia_1922_28.aspx|work=Autodromo Nazionale Monza|publisher=MonzaNet.it|year=2007|access-date=17 September 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080611175248/http://www.monzanet.it/eng/storia_1922_28.aspx| archive-date = 11 June 2008}}</ref> the site has three tracks – the {{cvt|5.793|km|mi|abbr=on}} [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] track,<ref name=F1.comLap>{{cite web|title=Formula 1 Gran Premio Santander D'Italia 2009 (Monza) – interactive circuit map|url=http://www.formula1.com/races/in_detail/italy_818/|work=Formula One Administration Ltd|publisher=Formula1.com|date= 1999–2009|access-date=17 September 2009}}</ref> the {{cvt|2.405|km|mi|abbr=on}} Junior track,<ref name=MonzaNetStats/> and a {{cvt|4.250|km|mi|abbr=on}} high speed oval track with steep bankings, which was left unused for decades and had been decaying until it was restored in the 2010s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-27|title=Monza Oval - History of the abandoned banking|url=https://www.circuitsofthepast.com/monza-oval/|access-date=2020-11-17|website=Circuits of the past}}</ref><ref name=F1.comHistory/> The major features of the main Grand Prix track include the ''Curva Grande'', the ''Curva di Lesmo'', the ''Variante Ascari'' and the ''Curva Alboreto'' (formerly ''Curva Parabolica''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-20 |title=La curva parabolica di Monza intitolata a Michele Alboreto {{!}} Monzanet |url=https://www.monzanet.it/intitolata-a-michele-alboreto-la-curva-parabolica-dellautodromo-nazionale-monza/ |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=Autodromo Nazionale Monza |language=it-IT}}</ref>). The high speed curve, Curva Grande, is located after the ''Variante del Rettifilo'' which is located at the end of the front straight or ''Rettifilo Tribune'', and is usually taken flat out by Formula One cars.

In addition to Formula One, the circuit previously hosted the [[6 Hours of Monza|1,000 km Monza]], an endurance sports car race held as part of the [[World Sportscar Championship]] and the [[Le Mans Series]]. Monza also featured the unique [[Race of Two Worlds]] events, which attempted to run Formula One and [[USAC National Championship]] cars against each other. The racetrack also previously held rounds of the [[Grand Prix motorcycle racing]] ([[Italian motorcycle Grand Prix]]), [[World Touring Car Championship|WTCC]], [[TCR International Series]], [[Superbike World Championship]], [[Formula Renault 3.5 Series]] and [[Auto GP]]. Monza currently hosts rounds of the [[Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup]], [[International GT Open]] and [[Euroformula Open Championship]], as well as various local championships such as the [[TCR Italian Series]], [[Italian GT Championship]], [[Porsche Carrera Cup]] Italia and [[Italian F4 Championship]], as well as the [[Monza Rally Show]]. In 2020, Monza hosted the [[2020 World Rally Championship]] final round, [[2020 Rally Monza|ACI Rally Monza]], with the circuit hosting 10 of the 16 rally stages.

Monza also hosts cycling and running events, most notably the Monza 12h Cycling Marathon<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://followyourpassion.it/|title=FollowYourPassion|website=FollowYourPassion}}</ref> and Monza 21 Half Marathon.<ref name="auto"/> The venue was also selected by [[Nike, Inc|Nike]] scientists for the [[Breaking2]] event, where three runners attempted to break the 2-hour barrier for the [[marathon]]. [[Eliud Kipchoge]] ran 2:00:25.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kipchoge a 'happy man' in Monza|url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/breaking-2-marathon-eliud-kipchoge-monza|publisher=IAAF|author=Jon Mulkeen|date=6 May 2017|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>

A very fast circuit, Monza has been [[List of Autodromo Nazionale Monza fatal accidents|the site of many fatal accidents]], especially in the early years of the Formula One world championship,<ref name=Clarin/> and has claimed the lives of 52 drivers and 35 spectators. Track modifications have continuously occurred, to improve spectator safety and reduce curve speeds,<ref name=F1.comHistory/> but it is still criticised by the current drivers for its lack of [[run-off area]]s, most notoriously at the chicane that cuts the ''Variante della Roggia''.<ref name=Clarin/>{{obsolete source|reason=This reference is dated to around 15 years ago, in that time the run-off areas at Monza have been changed.|date=November 2020}}