Editing Mount Everest (section)

{{Short description|Earth's highest mountain}}
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{{distinguish|text = [[Mount Everett]]}}
{{redirect-multi|3|Everest|Sagarmatha|Qomolangma}}
{{Prone to spam|date=February 2015}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox mountain
| fetchwikidata = ALL
| name = Mount Everest
| photo = Mount Everest as seen from Drukair2 PLW edit Cropped.jpg
| photo_size = 300
| photo_caption = Aerial photo from the south, with Mount Everest rising above the ridge connecting [[Nuptse]] and [[Lhotse]]
| native_name = {{native name list|tag1=ne|name1=सगरमाथा|postfix1=&nbsp;{{transliteration|ne|(''Sagarmāthā'')}}|tag2=bo|name2=ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ|postfix2=&nbsp;{{transliteration|bo|(''Chomolungma'')}}|tag3=zh|name3=珠穆朗玛峰|postfix3=&nbsp;{{transliteration|zh|(''Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng'')}}}}
| translation = Holy Mother, Skyhead
| etymology = [[George Everest]]
| elevation_ref = <!-- This elevation, and the reasons for supporting it, are laid out and referenced in the measurement section, but some editors believe we should support 8844 m or 8850 m instead. If any editor thinks we should change it, could they please make the case on the talk page and allow time for discussion before making the change. -->{{NoteTag|Based on the 2020 surveys of elevation of snow cap, i.e. the highest point of permanent snow ice on the summit—as opposed to the highest point of rock, which was measured at roughly 8,844&nbsp;metres. For more details, see ''[[#Surveys|Surveys]]''.}}<br /> [[List of highest mountains on Earth|Ranked 1st]]
| prominence_ref = [[List of mountain peaks by prominence|Ranked 1st]]<br />[[Topographic prominence#Definitions|(Special definition for Everest)]]
| isolation = n/a <!-- Topographic isolation can not be measured to itself but only to another peak by definition. Giving a value here to show the circumstances of Earth is not correct. -->
| mapframe-zoom = 3
| mapframe-caption = Location on the border between [[Koshi Province]], Nepal and [[Tibet Autonomous Region]], China
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-frame-width = 300
| map_image = {{OSM Himalaya}}
| label = Mount Everest
| label_position = left
| location = [[Solukhumbu District]], Koshi Province, Nepal;<ref>''Geography of Nepal: Physical, Economic, Cultural and Regional'' by Netra Bahadur Thapa, D. P. Thapa Orient Longmans, 1969.</ref><br />[[Tingri County]], Xigazê, Tibet Autonomous Region, China{{NoteTag|The position of the summit of Everest on the international border is clearly shown on detailed topographic mapping, including official Nepali mapping.}}
| country = [[China]] and [[Nepal]]
| parent = [[Mahalangur Himal]], Himalayas
| coordinates = {{Coord|27|59|18|N|86|55|31|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = <ref>{{cite peakbagger|name=Mount Everest|id=10640}}</ref>
| first_ascent = 29 May 1953<br />[[Edmund Hillary]] and [[Tenzing Norgay]] {{NoteTag|It remains unclear whether [[George Mallory]] and [[Andrew Irvine (mountaineer)|Andrew Irvine]] reached the summit in 1924 or not. For more details, see ''[[1924 British Mount Everest expedition]]''.}}<br /> [[List of highest mountains on Earth|Ranked 1st]]
| normal_route = [[South Col|Southeast Ridge]] (Nepal)
| listing = [[Eight-thousander]]<br>[[Seven Summits]]<br>[[List of elevation extremes by country|Country high point (China and Nepal)]]<br>[[List of mountains in Nepal]]<br>[[List of mountains in China]]<br>[[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]]
}}
{{contains special characters|Indic}}
{{contains special characters|Tibetan}}
[[File:Everest North Face toward Base Camp Tibet Luca Galuzzi 2006.jpg|thumb|North Face of Everest as seen from the path to [[Everest base camps|North Base Camp]]]]
[[File:Mount Everest morning.jpg|thumb|Everest and [[Lhotse]] from the south (Nepal): in the foreground are [[Thamserku]], [[Kangtega]], and [[Ama Dablam]]]]
'''Mount Everest''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|v|ə|r|·|ɪ|s|t}}), known locally as '''Sagarmatha'''{{efn|{{langx|ne|सगरमाथा}}, {{IPA|ne|[səɡərˈmɑːtʰaː]}}}}  in [[Nepal]] and '''Qomolangma'''{{efn|{{langx|bo|ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ}}, {{IPA|bo|[t͡ɕo˧˥ mo˧˥ ɡlɑːŋ˥˩ mɑː˥]}}}} in [[Tibet]], is Earth's highest mountain above [[sea level]]. It lies in the [[Mahalangur Himal]] sub-range of the [[Himalayas]] and marks part of the [[China–Nepal border]] at its summit.<ref name="Bishart">{{cite magazine |last=Bishart |first=Andrew |title=China's New Road May Clear a Path for More Everest Climbers |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/adventure-blog/2016/05/04/how-the-everest-experience-is-different-in-china-versus-nepal/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921114517/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/adventure-blog/2016/05/04/how-the-everest-experience-is-different-in-china-versus-nepal/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 September 2018 |magazine=National Geographic |date=4 May 2016}}</ref> Its height was most recently measured in 2020 by Chinese and Nepali authorities as {{convert|8,848.86|m|ftin|frac=2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mount Everest is two feet taller, China and Nepal announce|work=National Geographic|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/12/new-height-of-mount-everest-announced-by-china-and-nepal/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208113343/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/12/new-height-of-mount-everest-announced-by-china-and-nepal/|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 December 2020|access-date=8 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="LiveScience">{{cite web |url=https://www.livescience.com/tallest-mountain-on-earth |title=Is Mount Everest really the tallest mountain on Earth? It depends how you measure height. |author=Joe Phelan |date=28 October 2022 |website=livescience.com |publisher=Future US, Inc. |access-date=27 April 2023 |archive-date=26 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226121526/https://www.livescience.com/tallest-mountain-on-earth |url-status=live }}</ref>

Mount Everest attracts many climbers, including highly experienced mountaineers. There are two main climbing routes, one approaching the summit from the southeast in Nepal (known as the standard route) and the other from the north in [[Tibet]]. While not posing substantial technical climbing challenges on the standard route, Everest presents dangers such as [[altitude sickness]], weather, and wind, as well as hazards from [[avalanche]]s and the [[Khumbu Icefall]]. As of May 2024, 340 people have [[List of people who died climbing Mount Everest|died on Everest]]. Over 200 bodies remain on the mountain and have not been removed due to the dangerous conditions.<ref name="Climber News">{{cite web |url= https://www.climbernews.com/how-many-dead-bodies-are-on-mount-everest/ |title= How Many Dead Bodies Are On Mount Everest? |date= November 7, 2022 |website= climbernews.com |publisher= Climber News |access-date= April 27, 2023 |quote= "As of November 2022, 310 people have died while attempting to climb Mount Everest." |archive-date= 5 October 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160805/https://www.climbernews.com/how-many-dead-bodies-are-on-mount-everest/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Nuwer">{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20151008-the-graveyard-in-the-clouds-everests-200-dead-bodies |title= Death in the clouds: The problem with Everest's 200+ bodies |author= Rachel Nuwer |author-link= Rachel Nuwer |date= October 8, 2015 |publisher= BBC |access-date= April 27, 2023 |quote=  |archive-date= 5 October 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160807/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20151008-the-graveyard-in-the-clouds-everests-200-dead-bodies |url-status= live }}</ref>

Climbers typically ascend only part of Mount Everest's elevation, as the mountain's full elevation is measured from the [[geoid]], which approximates [[sea level]]. The closest sea to Mount Everest's summit is the [[Bay of Bengal]], almost {{convert|700|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. To approximate a climb of the entire height of Mount Everest, one would need to start from this coastline, a feat accomplished by [[Tim Macartney-Snape|Tim Macartney-Snape's team]] in 1990.
Climbers usually begin their ascent from base camps above {{convert|5000|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. The amount of elevation climbed from below these camps varies. On the Tibetan side, most climbers drive directly to the [[Everest base camps|North Base Camp]]. On the Nepalese side, climbers generally fly into [[Kathmandu]], then [[Lukla]], and trek to the [[Everest base camps|South Base Camp]], making the climb from [[Lukla]] to the summit about {{convert|6000|m|ft|abbr=on}} in elevation gain.

The first recorded efforts to reach Everest's summit were made by British [[mountaineering|mountaineers]]. As Nepal did not allow foreigners to enter the country at the time, the British made several attempts on the North Ridge route from the Tibetan side. After the first [[1921 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition|reconnaissance expedition by the British in 1921]] reached {{convert|7000|m|ft|-0|abbr=on}} on the [[North Col]], the [[1922 British Mount Everest expedition|1922 expedition]] on its first summit attempt marked the first time a human had climbed above {{convert|8000|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
and it also pushed the North Ridge route up to {{convert|8321|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}. On the [[1924 British Mount Everest expedition|1924 expedition]] [[George Mallory]] and [[Andrew Irvine (mountaineer)|Andrew Irvine]] made a final summit attempt on 8 June but never returned, sparking debate as to whether they were the first to reach the top. [[Tenzing Norgay]] and [[Edmund Hillary]] made the [[1953 British Mount Everest expedition|first documented ascent of Everest in 1953]], using the Southeast Ridge route. Norgay had reached {{convert|8595|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} the previous year as a member of the [[1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition|1952 Swiss expedition]]. The Chinese mountaineering team of [[Wang Fuzhou]], [[Gongbu (mountaineer)|Gonpo]], and Qu Yinhua made the first reported [[1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition|ascent of the peak from the North Ridge]] on 25 May 1960.<ref name=NorthRidge>{{cite book|last=Lewis|first=Jon E.|title=The Mammoth Book of How it Happened – Everest|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWqeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT212|year=2012|publisher=Little, Brown Book Group|isbn=978-1-78033-727-2|page=212|chapter=Appendix 1}}</ref>
{{Anchor|Etymology}}