Editing Mount Merapi (section)

{{Short description|Active stratovolcano in Central Java, Indonesia}}
{{About-distinguish|the mountain in Central Java|Mount Marapi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Mount Merapi
| other_name = {{lang|jv|ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁꦩꦼꦫꦥꦶ}}<br>{{lang|id|Gunung Merapi}}
| photo = Cahaya Pertama Menyinari Puncak.jpg
| photo_caption = Mount Merapi, as of 2020
| elevation_m = 2910
| elevation_ref = <ref name=gvp>{{cite gvp|vnum=263250|name=Merapi|access-date=16 December 2014}}</ref>
| prominence_m = 1,356
| prominence_ref= <ref name="Gunung Bagging">{{cite web|url=https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/merapi.html|title=Mount Merapi|access-date=10 January 2019|archive-date=3 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203045952/https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/merapi.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| listing = Ribu
| translation = Mountain of Fire
| language = [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]
| map = Indonesia Java
| relief = 1
| map_caption = Location in [[Java]]
| label_position = bottom
| region = 
| coordinates = {{coord|07|32|29|S|110|26|46|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| type = [[Stratovolcano]]
| age = 400,000 years
| last_eruption = Ongoing
}}
[[File:KITLV - 50H8 - Junghuhn, Franz Wilhelm (1809-1864) - Mieling, C.W. - Mount Merapi (Gunung Merapi) - Colour lithography - 1853-1854.tif|thumb|Mount Merapi, colour lithograph, Junghuhn and Mieling, 1853–1854]]
'''Mount Merapi''' ({{langx|jv|ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁꦩꦼꦫꦥꦶ|Gunung Měrapi}}, {{langx|id|Gunung Merapi||Fire Mountain}}) is an [[Active volcano|active]] [[stratovolcano]] located on the [[border]] between the province of [[Central Java]] and the [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]], [[Indonesia]]. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548. It is located approximately {{cvt|28|km}} north of [[Yogyakarta (city)|Yogyakarta]] city which has a population of 2.4 million. Thousands of people live on the flanks of the volcano, with villages as high as {{cvt|1700.|m|ft}} above [[sea level]].

Smoke can often be seen rising from the mountaintop, and several eruptions have caused fatalities. A pyroclastic flow from a large explosion killed 27 people on 22 November 1994, mostly in the town of [[Muntilan]], west of the volcano.<ref>{{in lang|id}} Kompas (Yogyakarta) President Soeharto Really Concern. Saturday, 26 November 1994.</ref> Another large eruption occurred in 2006, shortly before the [[2006 Yogyakarta earthquake|Yogyakarta earthquake]]. In light of the hazards that Merapi poses to populated areas, it was designated as one of the [[Decade Volcanoes]], which are considered worthy of particular study in light of their history of large, destructive [[Volcanic eruption|eruptions]] and proximity to densely populated areas.

On the afternoon of 25 October 2010, [[2010 eruptions of Mount Merapi|Merapi erupted]] on its southern and southeastern slopes.<ref name="JakartaPost2010-10-25" /> A total of 353 people were killed over the next month, while 350,000 were forced to flee their homes;<ref name="Bitesize">{{cite web|title=Case study: Mount Merapi in 2010|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zww4nbk/revision/6|access-date=5 October 2021|publisher=[[BBC Bitesize]]|archive-date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005151245/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zww4nbk/revision/6|url-status=live}}</ref> most of the damage was done by [[pyroclastic flows]], while heavy rain on 4 November created [[lahars]] which caused further damage. Most of the fissures had ceased erupting by 30 November, and four days later the official threat level was lowered.<ref name="bnpb">{{cite web|url=http://bnpb.go.id/irw/berita.asp?id=214|title=Update Gunung Merapi status on 30/11 to 12.00 WIB|date=12 March 2010|publisher=Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana|access-date=12 May 2010|archive-date=21 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721122110/http://bnpb.go.id/irw/berita.asp?id=214|url-status=dead}}</ref> Merapi's characteristic shape was changed during the eruptions, with its height lowered {{cvt|38|m}} to {{cvt|2930.|m}}.<ref name="Gunung Bagging" />

Since 2010, Merapi had experienced several smaller eruptions, most noticeably two [[phreatic eruptions]] which occurred on 18 November 2013 and 11 May 2018. The first and larger of these, caused by a combination of rainfall and internal activity, saw smoke issued up to a height of {{cvt|2,000.|m}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2013/12/30/tiga-gunung-indonesia-ini-bikin-dunia-terkaget-kaget|title=Tiga Gunung Indonesia Ini Bikin Dunia Terkaget-kaget|date=30 December 2013|access-date=9 August 2021|archive-date=9 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809094018/https://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2013/12/30/tiga-gunung-indonesia-ini-bikin-dunia-terkaget-kaget|url-status=live}}</ref> There have been several small eruptions since the beginning of 2020,{{efn|The most recent eruptions so far were on 3 March 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/merapi.html|title=Merapi|website=volcanodiscovery.com|access-date=26 October 2018|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026182924/https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/merapi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 27 March 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2020/03/27/indonesia039s-mt-merapi-spews-massive-ash-cloud|title=Indonesia's Mt Merapi spews massive ash cloud|website=The Star|date=27 March 2020 |location=Malaysia|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327140900/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2020/03/27/indonesia039s-mt-merapi-spews-massive-ash-cloud|url-status=live}}</ref> 7 January 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Riyadi|first=Slamet|date=7 January 2021|title=Indonesia's Merapi volcano spews hot clouds, 500 evacuate|url=https://apnews.com/article/avalanches-asia-pacific-indonesia-c96846b0963ef668576cbecfc65c42ee|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107063603/https://apnews.com/article/avalanches-asia-pacific-indonesia-c96846b0963ef668576cbecfc65c42ee|archive-date=7 January 2021|access-date=7 January 2021|work=Associated Press News}}</ref> 8 August 2021<ref name='August8' /> and 16 August 2021.<ref name='NDTV'>{{Cite news|date=16 August 2021|title=Indonesia Volcano Erupts, Blankets Villages in Ash|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/indonesia-volcano-erupts-blankets-villages-in-ash-2511351|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816053816/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/indonesia-volcano-erupts-blankets-villages-in-ash-2511351|url-status=live}}</ref>}} which are of great interest to volcanologists.