Editing Muhammad II of Khwarazm (section)

{{short description|Khwarazm Shah}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Muhammad II
| title        = The Second Alexander<ref>{{Cite book |author=Mohammad Habib|author-link=Mohammad Habib|chapter=THE KHWARAZMIAN EMPIRE|editor1=Mohammad Habib |editor2=Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526) |volume=5 |edition=Second |year=1992 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ|page=42|quote=Taksh's sucçessor, Alauddin Muhammnad Khwarazm Shah, styled 'the Second Alexander' (1200-20), was the last of the old type of Emperor-Sultans, for Timur does not belong to this category|oclc=31870180}}</ref> 
| image        = Muhammad II portrait in a 1430 manuscript of the Jami' al-tawarikh by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani.jpg
| caption      = Depiction of Muhammad II in a 1430 manuscript of the ''[[Jami' al-tawarikh]]'' by [[Rashid-al-Din Hamadani]]
| succession   = [[Shah]] of [[Khwarazmian Empire|Khwarazm]]
| reign        = 3 August 1200 – 11 January 1221
| coronation   = 3 August 1200<ref>{{Cite journal|author=[[Muhammad Abdul Ghafur]]|url=https://www.google.com.tw/books/edition/Journal_of_the_Asiatic_Society_of_Pakist/xOM5AQAAIAAJ?hl=zh-TW&gbpv=1&bsq=Shah++3++August+1200&dq=Shah++3++August+1200&printsec=frontcover|title=〈The Relation of the Ghurids with the Caliph〉|journal=《Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan》|location=[[Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]|publisher=Asiatic Society of Pakistan|year=1964|volume=9|issue=2|pages=115|language=en|quote=However , the political purpose of the Caliph was well served by the Ghurid . Khwarizm Shah could not undertake the risk of advancing to Baghdad leaving at the rear a powerful enemy like the Ghurid . Takash died on 12 Ramadan 596 , July 3 , 1200 and his son Muhammad was proclaimed Khwarizm Shah on August 3 , 1200 A. D.}}</ref>
| predecessor  = [[Ala ad-Din Tekish|Tekish]]
| successor    = [[Jalal al-Din Mangburni]]
| regent       = [[Terken Khatun (wife of Ala ad-Din Tekish)|Terken Khatun]]
| reg-type     = Co-ruler
| birth_date   = 1169
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = 11 January 1221<ref name="death_date">{{Cite book|author1=[[Ke Shaomin]]|editor=|title=《新元史考證‧考證三‧卷三‧本紀第三‧太祖下》|location=[[Republic of China]]|publisher=|date=|pages=|ISBN=|accessdate=|url=https://www.google.com.tw/books/edition/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%83%E5%8F%B2%E8%80%83%E8%AD%89/XAxOAAAAMAAJ?hl=zh-TW&gbpv=1&bsq=%E6%B4%AA%E4%BE%8D%E9%83%8E%E6%9B%B0%E4%BB%96%E8%A5%BF%E6%9B%B8%E8%80%83%E5%BE%97&dq=%E6%B4%AA%E4%BE%8D%E9%83%8E%E6%9B%B0%E4%BB%96%E8%A5%BF%E6%9B%B8%E8%80%83%E5%BE%97&printsec=frontcover|language=zh|quote=十二月，蘇爾灘心悸而卒。洪侍郎曰：「他西書考得，王卒爲西一千二百二十一年正月十一日，合之中歷爲十五年十二月間。」〈耶律楚材傳〉：庚辰冬，大雨雪，楚材曰：「回回主當死於野。」時序正合舊史，繫之。壬午，誤。}}</ref> (aged 52)
| death_place  = [[Caspian Sea]]
| spouse       = Ay Chichek Khatun
| issue        = {{plainlist|
*[[Jalal al-Din Mangburni]] 
}}
| full name    = '''[[Laqab]]''': Ala ad-Din (shortly), Iskandar-i Sani<br>'''[[Kunya (Arabic)|Kunya]]''': Abul-Fath<br>'''[[Given name]]''': Muhammad<br>'''[[Nickname|Turkic nickname]]''': Sanjar<br>'''[[Arabic name#Nasab نسب|Nasab]]''': Muhammad [[wiktionary:ibn|ibn]] Tekish ibn [[Il-Arslan]] ibn [[Atsiz]] ibn [[Muhammad I of Khwarazm|Muhammad]] ibn [[Anushtegin Gharchai|Anushtegin]]
| house        = [[House of Anushtegin]]
| father       = [[Ala ad-Din Tekish|Tekish]]
| mother       = [[Terken Khatun (wife of Ala ad-Din Tekish)|Terken Khatun]]
| religion     = [[Sunni Islam]]
| place of burial = 
| othertitles  = 
}}
''''Alā' al-Din Muhammad II''' ([[Persian language|Persian]]: علاءالدین محمد خوارزمشاه; [[full name]]: ''Ala ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Fath Muhammad Sanjar ibn Tekish'') was the [[Shah]] of the [[Khwarazmian Empire]] from 3 August 1200 to 11 January 1221.<ref name="death_date"/> His ancestor was [[Anushtegin Gharchai]], a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] [[Ghilman|Ghulam]] who eventually became a viceroy of a small province in [[Central Asia]] named [[Khwarazm]]. He was subjected to the [[Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire]], which resulted in the utter destruction of his empire.