Editing Muhammad bin Tughluq (section)

{{Short description|Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Muhammad bin Tughluq
| title        = [[Gazi|Ghazi]]<br>Fakhr Malik
| image        = Muhammad bin Tughlaq crop.jpg
| image_size   = 250px
| caption      = Early [[Mughal painting]] of Muhammad bin Tughluq (1534)
| succession   = 18th [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultan of Delhi]]
| reign        = 4 February 1325 – 20 March 1351
| predecessor  = [[Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq]]
| successor    = [[Firoz Shah Tughlaq]]
| birth_date   = {{circa|1290}}
| birth_place  = [[Delhi, India]]
| death_date   = 20 March {{death year and age|1351|1290}}
| place of burial = [[Tughlaqabad]], [[Delhi]]
| religion     = [[Sunni]] [[Islam]]
| dynasty      = [[Tughlaq]]
| father       = [[Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq]]
}}
[[File:Firman of Sultan Muhammad b. Tughlaq Shah (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Firman]] of Muhammad bin Tughluq dated Shawwal 725 AH/September–October 1325. At the very top is an invocation to God, below which is the large [[tughra]] with the ruler's name and titles.{{sfn|Blair|p=383}} [[Edmund de Unger|Keir Collection]]]]
'''Muhammad bin Tughluq''' ({{langx|fa|{{nq|محمد بن تغلق}}}}; {{IPA|fa|mu.ham.ˈmad bin tuɣ.ˈlaq}}; 1290 – 20 March 1351), or '''Muhammad II''', also named '''Jauna Khan''' as Crown Prince,<ref>Elliot and Dowson, Táríkh-i Fíroz Sháhí of Ziauddin Barani, [[The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians]]. The Muhammadan Period (Vol 3), London, Trübner & Co</ref> further known by his [[epithets]], '''The Eccentric Prince''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tiwari |first=Shubha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kkq_zBYfeVUC&q=Muhammad+bin+Tughluq+the+failed+sultan |title=Contemporary Indian Dramatists |date=2007 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-269-0871-4 |language=en |page=75 |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108105651/https://books.google.com/books?id=kkq_zBYfeVUC&q=Muhammad+bin+Tughluq+the+failed+sultan |url-status=live }}</ref> or '''The Mad Sultan''',<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Douthwaite |first1=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LU_DwAAQBAJ&q=Muhammad+bin+Tughluq+the+mad+sultan |title=The Stylistics of Landscapes, the Landscapes of Stylistics |last2=Virdis |first2=Daniela Francesca |last3=Zurru |first3=Elisabetta |year=2017 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |isbn=978-90-272-6460-2 |language=en |page=230 |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108105652/https://books.google.com/books?id=5LU_DwAAQBAJ&q=Muhammad+bin+Tughluq+the+mad+sultan |url-status=live }}</ref> was the eighteenth [[List of sultans of Delhi|Sultan of Delhi]]. He reigned from 4 February 1325 until his death in 1351. The sultan was the eldest son of [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]], founder of the [[Tughlaq dynasty]].<ref name="Doulie">{{cite book|last=Douie|first=James M.
|year=1916|title=The Panjab North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LBBCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA171| page=171}}</ref> In 1321, the young Muhammad was sent by his father to the [[Deccan Plateau]] to fight a military campaign against the [[Kakatiya dynasty]]. In 1323, the future sultan successfully [[Siege of Warangal, 1323|laid siege upon the Kakatiya capital]] in [[Warangal]]. This victory over King [[Prataparudra]] ended the [[Kakatiya dynasty]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=91–97}}</ref> 

Muhammad ascended to the [[Delhi]] throne upon his father's death in 1325. Muhammad bin Tughluq had an interest in [[Medicine in the medieval Islamic world|medicine]]. He was also skilled in several languages: [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Hindustani language|Hindavi]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Sanskrit]] and [[Chagatai language|Turkic]].<ref name=":0" /> [[Ibn Battuta]], the famous traveler and jurist from Morocco, wrote in his book about his time at the Sultan's court.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Crowds and Power |last=Canetti |first=Elias |date=1984 |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |isbn=0-374-51820-3 |location=New York}}</ref>