Editing Multan (section)

{{Short description|City in Punjab, Pakistan}}
{{About||the district|Multan District|other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
<!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->
| name               = Multan
| official_name      = 
| other_name         = 
| native_name        = {{lang|pnb|{{unq|ملتان}}}}
| nickname           = 
| etymology          = 
| settlement_type    = [[City Districts of Pakistan|Metropolis]]
<!-- Divisions of Pakistan are official order administrative division system, not metropolitan which is a general term for any major city of world. Pakistan Government Body, see: [[List of divisions of Pakistan]] -->| motto              = 
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image|total_width=280px|perrow=1/2/2/2|border=infobox|caption_align = center
| image1   = Al Mustafa mosque ra.jpg
| caption1 = Mustafa Mosque
| image2   = Shah Rukn-e-Alam Shrine.jpg 
| caption2 = Shrine of Shah Rukn-e-Alam
| image3   = Qasim gate 32.jpg
| caption3 = Qasim Gate
| image4   = Aerial view of Multan Ghanta Ghar chawk.jpg
| caption4 = Ghanta Ghar Chowk
| image5   = River Chenab bank view32.jpg
| caption5 = River Chenab
| image6   = Multan international stadium43.jpg
| caption6 = Multan Cricket Stadium
| image7   = 
| caption7 = 
}}
| flag_size          = 
| image_seal         = 
| seal_size          = 
| image_shield       = 
| shield_size        = 
| image_blank_emblem = 
| blank_emblem_type  = 
| blank_emblem_size  = 
| image_map          = 
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = 
| pushpin_map        = Pakistan Punjab#Pakistan
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab##Location in Pakistan
| pushpin_mapsize    = 250
<!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{nowrap|{{flag|Pakistan}}}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Subdivisions of Pakistan|Province]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Divisions of Pakistan|Division]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Multan Division|Multan]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Districts of Pakistan|District]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Multan District|Multan]]
| subdivision_type4  = Autonomous towns
| subdivision_type5  = Union council
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Punjab}}
| subdivision_name4  = 6
| subdivision_name5  = 4
<!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government 7 seats -->| seat_type          = 7 PTI MNA
| seat               = 
| parts_type         = 
| parts_style        = <!--=list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
 Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->
| parts              = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->
| p1                 = 
| p2                 = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed-->
<!-- Politics ----------------->| government_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://203.215.180.58/portal/portal/media-type/html/group/320/page/default.psml/js_pane/P-103d7b410be-10000?nav%3Dleft |title=Punjab Portal |access-date=2009-09-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414034050/http://203.215.180.58/portal/portal/media-type/html/group/320/page/default.psml/js_pane/P-103d7b410be-10000?nav=left |archive-date=14 April 2006 }}</ref><ref>[http://203.215.180.58/portal/portal/media-type/html/group/320/page/default.psml/js_pane/P-103d7b410be-10000?nav=left Area reference] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414034050/http://203.215.180.58/portal/portal/media-type/html/group/320/page/default.psml/js_pane/P-103d7b410be-10000?nav=left |date=14 April 2006 }}, [http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/index.html Density reference] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926230905/http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/index.html |date=26 September 2009 }} statpak.gov.pk</ref>
| government_type    = [[City Districts of Pakistan|Metropolitan Corporation]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1524621|title=Every fourth district in Punjab to have a metropolitan corporation|date=27 December 2019}}</ref>
| leader_title1      = [[Mayor of Multan|Mayor]]
| leader_name1       = None (Vacant)<ref name="tn">{{cite news|url=https://nation.com.pk/31-Dec-2021/administrators-appointments-planned-as-punjab-lg-system-dissolves-today|title=Administrators' appointments planned as Punjab LG system dissolves today|date=31 December 2021|access-date=5 January 2022|work=The Nation (newspaper)}}</ref>
| leader_title2      = Deputy Mayor
| leader_name2       = None (Vacant)<ref name="tn"/>
| established_title  = Settled
| established_date   = 3000 BC<ref name =multan1983/>
<!-- Area --------------------->
| area_magnitude     = 
| unit_pref          = 
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="table1"/>
| area_total_km2     = 
| area_metro_km2     = 560
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_urban_km2     = 
| area_water_percent 70 = 
| population_as_of   = [[2023 Pakistani census|2023]]
| population_footnotes    = <ref name="table1">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_1_punjab_districts.pdf|page=6|access-date=2025-01-09|title=TABLE 1 : AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN POPULATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE|date=2023}}</ref>
| population_total   = {{formatnum:2169915}}
| total_type         = City
| population_density_km2 = 7000
| population_rank = [[List of cities in Pakistan by population|5th in Pakistan]] <br> [[List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by population|6th in Punjab]]
| coordinates        = {{coord|30|11|52|N|71|28|11|E|region:PK|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 60xxx
| area_code          = 061
| area_code_type     = 
| footnotes          = 
| website            = {{URL|https://multan.punjab.gov.pk}}
| pushpin_relief     = 
}}
'''Multan'''{{efn|{{nq|ملتان}}; {{IPA|hns|mɵlˈtäːnᵊ|localpron|Multan pronunciation.ogg}}}} is a city in the [[Pakistan]]i province of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]. Located on the eastern bank of the [[Chenab River]],<ref name="Britannica">{{Britannica|title=Multan|id=396964}}</ref> Multan is the administrative centre of the [[Multan District|eponymous district]] and is the [[List of cities in Pakistan by population|sixth-most populous city]] in Pakistan with a population of over 2.1 million. It is a major cultural, religious and economic centre of the Punjab region. It is located in central Pakistan and is the main hub of the southern Punjab.

Multan is one of the oldest cities of Asia with a history that stretches deep into antiquity. Multan was part of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] in the early 6th century BC. The ancient city was besieged by [[Alexander the Great]] during the [[Mallian campaign]]. Later it was conquered by the Arab military commander [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] in 712 CE after the conquest of Sindh. In the 9th century, it became a separate state as the [[Emirate of Multan]] including in its limits parts of [[Punjab region|Punjab]] and [[Kashmir]]; it was ruled by the Arab rulers. The region came under the rule of [[Ghaznavids]] and the Mamluk Sultanate in the medieval period. In 1445, it became a separate [[Langah Sultanate]]. [[Multan Subah]] was one of the largest provinces of the [[Mughal Empire]]. The [[Sikh Empire|Sikhs]] ruled over Multan from 1801 till 1848 when it was conquered by the British and made part of the [[British Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History {{!}} Multan |url=https://multan.punjab.gov.pk/history_mtn |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241202042143/https://multan.punjab.gov.pk/history_mtn |archive-date=2024-12-02 |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=multan.punjab.gov.pk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tareekh-e-Pakistan (Wasti Ahad) |url=https://yahyaamjad.com/books/tareekh-e-pakistan-wasti-ahad/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=Yahya Amjad |language=en-US}}</ref> 

The city was among the most important trading centres of [[Indian subcontinent|South Asia]] with strong ties to Iran, Central Asia and the rest of the Persianate and Muslim world. It was a great centre of knowledge and learning in medieval South Asia during the Turkish-Persian rule,<ref name="Levi" /> and attracted a multitude of [[Sufism|Sufi]] mystics in the 11th and 12th centuries, becoming a centre of spirituality in South Asia and earning the city the sobriquet "City of Saints." The city, along with the nearby city of [[Uch]], is known for its large number of Sufi shrines dating from that era.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khan|first=Ahmad Fraz|date=18 January 2021|title=Multan's mangoes and multinationals|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1602000|access-date=2021-01-20|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref>