Editing Multi-agent system (section)

{{Short description|Built of multiple interacting agents}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Multi-agent system}}
[[Image:IntelligentAgent-SimpleReflex.png|thumb|right|Simple reflex agent]]
[[Image:IntelligentAgent-Learning.svg|thumb|right|Learning agent]]
A '''multi-agent system''' ('''MAS''' or "self-organized system") is a computerized system composed of multiple interacting [[intelligent agent]]s.<ref>Yoav Shoham, Kevin Leyton-Brown. ''Multiagent Systems: Algorithmic, Game-Theoretic, and Logical Foundations.'' Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://www.masfoundations.org/</ref><ref name="uav">H. Pan; M. Zahmatkesh; F. Rekabi-Bana; F. Arvin; J. Hu "[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10965835 T-STAR: Time-Optimal Swarm Trajectory Planning for Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles]" IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2025.</ref> Multi-agent systems can solve problems that are difficult or impossible for an individual agent or a [[monolithic system]] to solve.<ref name="tcas">Hu, J.; Turgut, A.; Lennox, B.; Arvin, F., "[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9409965 Robust Formation Coordination of Robot Swarms with Nonlinear Dynamics and Unknown Disturbances: Design and Experiments]" IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 2021.</ref> Intelligence may include [[Scientific method|method]]ic, [[Function (computer science)|functional]], [[Algorithm|procedural]] approaches, [[algorithm]]ic [[search algorithm|search]] or [[reinforcement learning]].<ref>Stefano V. Albrecht, Filippos Christianos, Lukas Schäfer. ''Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: Foundations and Modern Approaches.'' MIT Press, 2024. https://www.marl-book.com/</ref> With advancements in [[large language model]]s (LLMs), LLM-based multi-agent systems have emerged as a new area of research, enabling more sophisticated interactions and coordination among agents.<ref name=li2023>{{cite journal | last =Li | first =Guohao | title =Camel: Communicative agents for "mind" exploration of large language model society | journal = Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems | volume = 36 | pages = 51991–52008 | year = 2023 | url = https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2023/file/a3621ee907def47c1b952ade25c67698-Paper-Conference.pdf  | arxiv = 2303.17760 | s2cid = 257900712}}</ref>

Despite considerable overlap, a multi-agent system is not always the same as an [[agent-based model]] (ABM).  The goal of an ABM is to search for explanatory insight into the collective behavior of agents (which do not necessarily need to be "intelligent") obeying simple rules, typically in natural systems, rather than in solving specific practical or engineering problems. The terminology of ABM tends to be used more often in the science, and MAS in engineering and technology.<ref name="Niazi-Hussain">{{cite journal |first1=Muaz |last1=Niazi |first2=Amir |last2=Hussain |year=2011 |title=Agent-based Computing from Multi-agent Systems to Agent-Based Models: A Visual Survey |journal=Scientometrics |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=479–499 |doi=10.1007/s11192-011-0468-9 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220365334 |format=PDF|arxiv=1708.05872 |hdl=1893/3378 |s2cid=17934527 }}</ref> Applications where multi-agent systems research may deliver an appropriate approach include online trading,<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Alex |last1=Rogers |first2=E. |last2=David |first3=J. |last3=Schiff |first4=N.R. |last4=Jennings |url=http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12716/ |title=The Effects of Proxy Bidding and Minimum Bid Increments within eBay Auctions |journal=ACM Transactions on the Web |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=9–es |year=2007 |doi=10.1145/1255438.1255441 |citeseerx=10.1.1.65.4539 |s2cid=207163424 |access-date=2008-03-18 |archive-date=2010-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402101304/http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12716/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> disaster response,<ref>{{cite web |first1=Nathan |last1=Schurr |first2=Janusz |last2=Marecki |first3=Milind |last3=Tambe |first4=Paul |last4=Scerri |first5=Nikhil |last5=Kasinadhuni |first6=J.P. |last6=Lewis |url=https://aaai.org/papers/0002-ss05-01-002-the-future-of-disaster-response-humans-working-with-multiagent-teams-using-defacto |title=The Future of Disaster Response: Humans Working with Multiagent Teams using DEFACTO |year=2005 |access-date=8 January 2024 |archive-date=2013-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603165342/http://teamcore.usc.edu/papers/2005/SS105SchurrN.pdf| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Genc|first1=Zulkuf  |title=Intelligent Systems for Crisis Management |chapter=Agent-Based Information Infrastructure for Disaster Management |chapter-url=http://www.gdmc.nl/gi4dmdocs/Gi4DM_2012_Genc.pdf |pages=349–355 |date=2013|display-authors=etal|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-33218-0_26 |isbn=978-3-642-33217-3 |series=Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography }}</ref> target surveillance<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hu |first1=Junyan |last2=Bhowmick |first2=Parijat|last3=Lanzon |first3=Alexander  |title=Distributed Adaptive Time-Varying Group Formation Tracking for Multiagent Systems With Multiple Leaders on Directed Graphs |journal=IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems |date=2020  |volume=7 |pages=140–150 |doi=10.1109/TCNS.2019.2913619 |s2cid=149609966 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and social structure modelling.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Ron |last1=Sun|author-link1=Ron Sun |first2=Isaac |last2=Naveh |url=http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/7/3/5.html |title=Simulating Organizational Decision-Making Using a Cognitively Realistic Agent Model |journal=Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation|date=30 June 2004}}</ref>