Editing Mycotoxin (section)

{{Short description|Toxin produced by a fungus}}
A '''mycotoxin''' (from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] μύκης {{Transliteration|el|mykes}}, "fungus" and τοξικός {{Transliteration|el|toxikos}}, "poisonous")<ref>{{OEtymD|myco-}}</ref><ref>{{OEtymD|toxin}}</ref> is a [[toxicity|toxic]] [[secondary metabolite]] produced by [[fungi]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Richard JL |title=Some major mycotoxins and their mycotoxicoses – an overview |journal=Int. J. Food Microbiol. |volume=119 |issue=1–2 |pages=3–10 |year=2007 |pmid=17719115 |doi=10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.019}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last1=Çimen |first1=Duygu |last2=Bereli |first2=Nilay |last3=Denizli |first3=Adil |date=2022-06-01 |title=Patulin Imprinted Nanoparticles Decorated Surface Plasmon Resonance Chips for Patulin Detection |journal=Photonic Sensors |language=en |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=117–129 |doi=10.1007/s13320-021-0638-1 |bibcode=2022PhSen..12..117C |s2cid=239220993 |issn=2190-7439|doi-access=free }}</ref> and is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and other animals.<ref name="Mycotoxins">{{cite journal |pmc=164220|year=2003|last1=Bennett|first1=J. W.|title=Mycotoxins|journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|volume=16|issue=3|pages=497–516|last2=Klich|first2=M|doi=10.1128/CMR.16.3.497-516.2003|pmid=12857779}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Food safety |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/food-safety |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> The term 'mycotoxin' is usually reserved for the toxic chemical products produced by fungi that readily colonize crops.<ref name=Turner09>{{cite journal |vauthors=Turner NW, Subrahmanyam S, Piletsky SA |title=Analytical methods for determination of mycotoxins: a review |journal=Anal. Chim. Acta |volume=632 |issue=2 |pages=168–80 |year=2009 |pmid=19110091 |doi=10.1016/j.aca.2008.11.010|bibcode=2009AcAC..632..168T }}</ref>

Examples of mycotoxins causing human and animal illness include [[aflatoxin]], [[citrinin]], [[fumonisins]], [[ochratoxin A]], [[patulin]], [[trichothecenes]], [[zearalenone]], and [[Ergot|ergot alkaloids]] such as [[ergotamine]].<ref name="Mycotoxins"/>

One mold species may produce many different mycotoxins, and several species may produce the same mycotoxin.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Robbins CA, Swenson LJ, Nealley ML, Gots RE, Kelman BJ |title=Health effects of mycotoxins in indoor air: a critical review |journal=Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=773–84 |year=2000 |pmid=11036728 |doi=10.1080/10473220050129419}}</ref>