Editing Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (section)

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{{Short description|Exclave of Azerbaijan}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox political division
| name                   = Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
| settlement_type        = [[Autonomous republic]]
| native_name            = {{native name|az|Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası}}
| image_flag             = Flag of Azerbaijan.svg
| flag_link              = Flag of Nakhchivan
| image_seal             = Emblem of Azerbaijan.svg
| seal_type              = Emblem
| other_seal             = 
| seal_size              = 80px
| anthem                 = {{vunblist |''[[Azərbaycan marşı]]'' |"March of Azerbaijan"|[[File:Azərbaycan_marşı_instrumental.ogg|center]]}}
| image_map              = Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan.svg
| map_caption            = {{color box|#C12838}} Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic within Azerbaijan
| subdivision_type       = [[Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name       = [[Azerbaijan]]
| largest_city           = capital
| capital                = [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]]
| official_languages     = [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]
| government_type        = [[Autonomous republic|Autonomous]] [[parliamentary republic]]
| leader_title1          = President's plenipotentiary representative
| leader_name1           = [[Fuad Najafli]]
| leader_title2          = Acting chairman of the Supreme Assembly
| leader_name2           = [[Anar Ibrahimov]]
| leader_title3          = [[Prime Minister of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name3           = [[Jeyhun Jalilov]]
| legislature            = [[Supreme Assembly (Nakhchivan)|Supreme Assembly]]
| established_title1     = Establishment of the [[Nakhchivan ASSR]]
| established_date1      = {{nowrap|February 9, 1924}}
| established_title2     = {{nowrap|Nakhchivan<br />Autonomous Republic}}
| established_date2      = {{nowrap|November 17, 1990}}
| area_km2               = 5,502
| area_rank              = 
| area_sq_mi             = 2071
| percent_water          = negligible
| population_census_year = [[Census in Azerbaijan|2020]]
| population_census      = 461,500
| population_density_km2 = 84
| Gini                   = <!--number only-->
| Gini_year              = 
| Gini_change            = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref               = 
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.772 <!--number only-->
| HDI_year               = 2014
| HDI_change             = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref                = <ref name="statistika">{{cite web|url=http://statistika.nmr.az/|title=Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası Dövlət Statistika Komitəsi|first=Elgun Xelilzade, Elgun Khalilzadeh, Elgün|last=Xəlilzadə, elgunkh|access-date=June 12, 2016|archive-date=May 31, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531201704/http://statistika.nmr.az/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| currency               = [[Azerbaijan manat]]
| currency_code          = AZN
| timezone              = [[Azerbaijan Time|AZT]]
| utc_offset             = +4
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| time_zone_DST          = 
| calling_code           = +994 36
| cctld                  = <!-- ORPHANED:
| footnote_a             = [http://www.xist.org/cntry/azerbaijan.aspx GeoHive: Country Data: Azerbaijan]
| footnote_b             = [http://www.day.az/news/society/88142.html The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan]
| religion               = [[Shia Islam]] with higher [[Christianity|Christian minority, mostly made from MDSEs (Metro Democracy Stater Estates) members]]
--->
| demonym                = Nakhchivani
| GDP_PPP                = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 
| today                  = 
| iso_code               = AZ
}}

The '''Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic''' ({{langx|az|Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası}}, {{IPA|az|nɑxtʃɯˈvɑn muxˈtɑɾ ɾesˈpublikɑsɯ|pron}})<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Naxcivan, {{!}} History & Geography {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Naxcivan-republic-Azerbaijan|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> is a [[landlocked country|landlocked]] [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]] of the [[Azerbaijan|Republic of Azerbaijan]]. The region covers {{convert|5,502.75|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref name="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Official portal of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic :[http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/index-22.htm Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121209061124/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/index-22.htm|date=December 9, 2012}}</ref> with a population of 459,600.<ref name="statgov">{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/az/population_2020.zip |title=Population of Azerbaijan |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=stat.gov.az |publisher=[[State Statistics Committee]] |access-date=February 22, 2021 |quote=}}</ref> It is bordered by [[Armenia]]{{Efn|border {{convert|221|km|mile|abbr=on}}}} to the east and north, [[Iran]]{{Efn|border {{convert|179|km|mile|abbr=on}}}} to the southwest, and [[Turkey]]{{Efn|border {{convert|8|km|mile|abbr=on}}}} to the west. It is the sole autonomous republic of Azerbaijan, governed by [[Supreme Assembly (Nakhchivan)|its own elected legislature]].

The republic, especially the capital city of [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]], has a long history dating back to about 1500 BC. ''Nakhijevan'' was one the [[Provinces of the kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|cantons]] of the historical Armenian province of [[Vaspurakan]] in the [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]]. Historically, the [[Persians]], [[Armenians]], [[Mongols]], and [[Turkic peoples|Turks]] all competed for the region.<ref name=":2"/> The area that is now Nakhchivan became part of [[Safavid Iran]] in the 16th century. The semi-autonomous [[Nakhichevan Khanate|Nakhchivan Khanate]] was established there in the mid-18th century. In 1828, after the last [[Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)|Russo-Persian War]] and the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]], the Nakhchivan Khanate passed from Iranian into [[Russian Empire|Imperial Russian]] possession.

After the 1917 [[February Revolution]], Nakhchivan and its surrounding region were under the authority of the [[Special Transcaucasian Committee]] of the [[Russian Provisional Government]] and subsequently of the short-lived [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]]. When the TDFR was dissolved in May 1918, Nakhchivan, [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], [[Syunik Province|Syunik]], and [[Qazax District|Qazakh]] were heavily contested between the newly formed and short-lived states of the [[First Republic of Armenia]] and the [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]] (ADR). In June 1918, the region came under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] occupation. Under the terms of the [[Armistice of Mudros]], the Ottomans agreed to pull their troops out of the Transcaucasus to make way for British occupation at the close of the First World War. The British placed Nakhchivan under Armenian administration in April 1919, although an [[Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan|Azerbaijani revolt]] prevented Armenia from establishing full control over the territory.

In July 1920, the [[Bolsheviks]] occupied the region. In November of that year, [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Bolshevik Russia]] and [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Azerbaijan]] both promised that Nakhchivan, alongside neighboring [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] and [[Zangezur]], was an "integral part" of [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|Armenia]].<ref name="DeWaal022">De Waal. ''Black Garden'', p. 129.</ref>{{Efn|"As of today, the old frontiers between Armenia and Azerbaijan are declared to be non-existent. Mountainous Karabakh, Zangezur and Nakhchivan are recognised to be integral parts of the Socialist Republic of Armenia."<ref>Tim Potier, "Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal" (2001), p. 4.</ref><ref>Michael P. Croissant, "The Armenia–Azerbaijan Conflict: Causes and Implications" (1998), p. 18.</ref>}} However, on March 16, 1921, in accordance with the results of a referendum, the Bolshevik government declared the [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]], which went on to become an autonomous republic ''within'' the [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] in 1924. In January 1990, Nakhchivan declared independence from the USSR to protest against the suppression of the national movement in Azerbaijan and became the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic within the newly independent Republic of Azerbaijan a year later.

Though a mixed [[Azerbaijanis|Azerbaijani]]-[[Armenians|Armenian]] region as late as a century ago,<ref name="NewStates-NewPolitics012">[[Ian Bremmer]] and [[Ray Taras]]. ''New States, New Politics: Building Post-Soviet Nations'', p. 484. {{ISBN|0-521-57799-3}}</ref><ref name="Armcountry2">[http://countrystudies.us/armenia/14.htm Armenia: A Country Study: The New Nationalism], The Library of Congress</ref><ref name="Atlas2">Andrew Andersen, PhD [http://www.conflicts.rem33.com/images/Armenia/disp.htm Atlas of Conflicts: Armenia: Nation Building and Territorial Disputes: 1918–1920]</ref><ref name="Croissant-162">Croissant. ''Armenia–Azerbaijan Conflict'', p. 16.</ref> Nakhchivan is homogeneously [[Azerbaijanis|Azerbaijani]] today besides a small population of [[Russians]].<ref name=":2" />