Editing Narmer (section)

{{short description|Ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period}}
{{Infobox pharaoh
| name = Narmer
| alt_name = [[Menes]] (?){{efn|name=a}}{{efn|name=b}}
| image = King Narmer.jpg
| image_size = 270
| caption = Narmer on the [[Recto and verso|Verso]] of the [[Narmer Palette]]
| reign = {{circa}} 3100 BC
| dynasty = [[First Dynasty of Egypt|1st Dynasty]]
| predecessor = [[Ka (pharaoh)|Ka]]? [[Scorpion II]]?
| successor = [[Hor-Aha]]
| horus = Hor-Narmer (often show in a ''serekh'' with just the catfish)<br/>''Ḥr-nˁr-mr''<br/>''Fierce catfish of Horus''<br/>{{Infobox pharaoh/Serekh |Horus=[[File:Nar-Wels.png|x22px]]<hiero>U23</hiero>||prefix=<hiero>G5</hiero>}}<br/>Second Horus name: Hor-Narmer-Tjai (rare—only one example exists)<br/>''Ḥr-nˁr-mr-ṯ3j''<br/>''Manly catfish of Horus''<br/>{{Infobox pharaoh/Serekh |Horus =[[File:Nar-Wels.png|x22px]]<hiero>U23-G47</hiero>}}
| nomen = Menes (?){{efn|name=a}}{{efn|name=b}}
<br />''Mnj''<br />He who endures{{Sfn | Edwards | 1971 | p = 11}}
| nomen_hiero = <hiero>Y5:N35-M17</hiero>
| spouse = Uncertain: possibly [[Neithhotep]]
| children = Uncertain: probably [[Hor-Aha]]
| father=[[Ka (pharaoh)|Ka]]?, [[Scorpion II]]?
| burial = Chambers B17 and B18, [[Umm El Qa'ab]]
| monuments=
| Dynasty=[[First Dynasty of Egypt|1st dynasty]]
}}

'''Narmer''' ({{langx|egy|[[Wiktionary:nꜥr-mr|nꜥr-mr]]}}, may mean "painful [[catfish]]", "stinging catfish", "harsh catfish", or "fierce catfish";{{sfn|Pätznick|2009|pp=308, n.8}}{{sfn|Leprohon|2013|p=22}}{{sfn|Clayton|1994|p=16}} {{fl.|{{circa}} 3100 BC}}){{sfn|Hayes|1970|pp=173-176}} was an [[ancient Egypt]]ian king of the [[Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)|Early Dynastic Period]], whose reign began at the end of the [[4th millennium BC]]. He was the successor to the [[Naqada III|Protodynastic]] king [[Ka (pharaoh)|Ka]]. Many scholars consider him the unifier of [[Egypt]] and founder of the [[First Dynasty of Egypt|First Dynasty]], and in turn the first king of a unified Egypt. He also had a prominently noticeable presence in [[Canaan]], compared to his predecessors and successors. [[Neithhotep]] is thought to be his queen consort or his daughter.

A majority of [[Egyptologist]]s believe that Narmer was the same person as [[Menes]].{{efn|name=a|Egyptologists have long debated whether [[Menes]] was the same person as Narmer or [[Hor-Aha]], Narmer's successor. A 2014 study by [[Thomas C. Heagy]] published in the Egyptological journal ''Archéo-Nil'' compiled a list of 69 Egyptologists who took either position. Forty-one of them have concluded that [[Menes]] was Narmer, while 31 have concluded that [[Menes]] was [[Hor-Aha]]. Three Egyptologists—[[Flinders Petrie]], [[Kurt Sethe]] and {{ill|Stan Hendrickx|fr}}—on the list have first concluded that [[Menes]] was [[Hor-Aha]], but later concluded that [[Menes]] was Narmer.{{sfn|Heagy|2014|pp=83–84}}}}{{sfn|Cervelló-Autuori|2003|p=174}}{{sfn|Grimal|1994}}{{sfn|Edwards|1971|p=13}}