Editing Nectanebo II (section)

{{Short description|Last native Egyptian pharaoh}}
{{Infobox pharaoh
| Alt= Nakhthorheb
| Name=Nectanebo II
| Image=Head of Nectanebo II-MBA Lyon H1701-IMG 0204.jpg
| Caption=Head of Nectanebo II, [[Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon]]
| NomenHiero= <hiero>C9-mr-D40-G5-W4-t:O49</hiero>
|Nomen=''Nḫt Ḥr n ḥbt mrj Ḥtḥr'' <br /> ''Nakhthor(en)hebit Meryhathor'' <br />Strong is [[Horus]] of [[Hebit]], the beloved of [[Hathor]]
| PrenomenHiero= <hiero>C1\-C9-s-nDm-ib:Z1-U21:n</hiero>
|Prenomen=''Snedjemibre Setepenanhur''<br/>Pleasing to the Heart is [[Ra]], chosen of [[Onuris]]
|horus=''Mrj-tꜣwj''<br/>''Merytawy''<br/>Beloved by the [[Two Lands]]
|horus_hiero=<hiero>U6:N19</hiero>
| nebty          = ''Shrw-jb-nṯrw'' <br /> One who contents the Heart of Gods
| nebty_hiero    = <hiero>s-h:r-F34-R8-G43</hiero>
| golden         = ''Smn-hpw'' <br /> Creator of Laws
| golden_hiero   = <hiero>s-mn:N35-h*p:Y1-Z7:Z2</hiero>
| Dynasty= [[Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt|Thirtieth Dynasty]]
| Father=[[Tjahapimu]]
| Mother= 
| birth_date     = c. 380 BC<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA3-PA431 |title=Dictionary of African Biographies |via=Google Books |first1=Emmanuel K. |last1=Akyeampong |first2=Henry Louis Jr. |last2=Gates |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2012 |access-date=17 December 2017 |isbn=9780195382075}}</ref>
| death_date     = After 340 BC
| Reign=358–c.340&nbsp;BC{{sfn|Lloyd|1994|p=358}}{{sfn|Depuydt|2010|pp=199–201}}{{sfn|Nawotka|2017|pp=37–38}}{{sfn|Pascual|2013|p=42}}
| Predecessor= [[Teos of Egypt|Teos]]
| Successor= [[Artaxerxes III]]
}}

'''Nectanebo II''' ([[Egyptian language|Egyptian]]: {{lang|egy|[[:wikt:nḫt|Nḫt]]-Ḥr-Ḥbt}}; {{langx|grc|Νεκτανεβώς}} {{Transliteration|grc|Nectanebos}}) was the last native ruler of [[ancient Egypt]], as well as the third and last [[pharaoh]] of the [[Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt|Thirtieth Dynasty]], reigning from 358 to c.340 BC.

During the reign of Nectanebo II, Egyptian artists developed a specific style that left a distinctive mark on the [[relief]]s of the [[Ptolemaic Kingdom]].{{Sfn | Myśliwiec | 2000 | p=173}} Like his indirect predecessor [[Nectanebo I]], Nectanebo II showed enthusiasm for many of the [[Cult (religious practice)|cults]] of the gods within [[ancient Egyptian religion]], and more than a hundred Egyptian sites bear evidence of his attention.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grimal |first=Nicolas |title=A history of ancient Egypt |last2=Shaw |first2=Ian |last3=Grimal |first3=Nicolas |date=2001 |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=978-0-631-19396-8 |edition=Repr |location=Oxford |pages=379}}</ref>

For several years, Nectanebo II was successful in keeping Egypt safe from the [[Achaemenid Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sharpe |first=Samuel |title=The History of Egypt under the Ptolemies |url=https://archive.org/details/historyegyptund01shargoog |location=London |publisher=E. Moxon |year=1838 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyegyptund01shargoog/page/n33 19] |oclc=4523393 }}</ref> However, he was betrayed by his former servant, [[Mentor of Rhodes]], and ultimately defeated. The Persians occupied [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]] and then seized the rest of Egypt, incorporating the country into the Achaemenid Empire under [[Artaxerxes III]]. Nectanebo fled south.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Van de Mieroop |first=Marc |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/522429289 |title=A history of ancient Egypt |date=2011 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-1-4051-6070-4 |series=Blackwell history of the ancient world |location=Chichester, West Sussex; Malden, MA |oclc=522429289}}</ref> His subsequent fate is unknown.