Editing Neoplasm (section)

{{Short description|Tumor or other abnormal growth of tissue}}
{{Redirect|Neoplastic|the Dutch artistic movement|Neoplasticism}}
{{Redirect|Tumor|the original graphic novel|Tumor (comics){{!}}''Tumor'' (comics)}}
{{Distinguish|Pleonasm}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Neoplasm
| image           = Colon cancer 2.jpg
| caption         = [[Colectomy]] specimen containing a malignant neoplasm, namely an [[Invasion (cancer)|invasive]] example of [[colorectal cancer]] (the crater-like, reddish, irregularly shaped tumor at top-center)
| field           = [[Oncology]]
| synonyms        = Tumor, tumour, carcinocytes
| symptoms        = [[Swelling (medical)|Lump]]
| complications   = [[Cancer]]
| onset           =
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| causes          = [[Radiation]], [[environmental factor]], [[infection|certain infections]]
| risks           =
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A '''neoplasm''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|iː|oʊ|p|l|æ|z|əm|,_|ˈ|n|iː|ə|-}})<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/neoplasm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428113153/https://www.lexico.com/definition/neoplasm |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |title=neoplasm |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite Dictionary.com|neoplasm}}</ref> is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of [[tissue (biology)|tissue]]. The process that occurs to form or produce a neoplasm is called '''neoplasia'''. The growth of a neoplasm is uncoordinated with that of the normal surrounding tissue, and persists in growing abnormally, even if the original trigger is removed.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Birbrair A, Zhang T, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Olson JD, Mintz A, Delbono O | title = Type-2 pericytes participate in normal and tumoral angiogenesis | journal = Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | volume = 307 | issue = 1 | pages = C25–38 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24788248 | pmc = 4080181 | doi = 10.1152/ajpcell.00084.2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book  | author = Cooper GM | title = Elements of human cancer | year = 1992 | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Publishers | location = Boston | isbn = 978-0-86720-191-8 | pages =16 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_k-NbntrEgC&pg=PA16 }}</ref><ref name=D2000>{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=Elizabeth J.|title=Dorland's Illustrated medical dictionary.|date=2000|publisher=Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0721662541|page=[https://archive.org/details/trent_0116404640520/page/1184 1184]|edition=29th|url=https://archive.org/details/trent_0116404640520/page/1184}}</ref> This abnormal growth usually forms a mass, which may be called a '''tumour''' or '''tumor'''.''<ref>{{cite book|title=Stedman's medical dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/stedmansmedicald00sted_3 |url-access=registration|date=2006|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0781733908|page=Neoplasm|edition=28th}}</ref>

[[ICD-10]] classifies neoplasms into four main groups: [[Benign tumor|benign neoplasms]], [[in situ neoplasms]], [[malignant neoplasms]], and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior.<ref>{{cite web|title=II Neoplasms|work=International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) Version for 2010|url=https://icd.who.int/browse10/2010/en#/II|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 June 2014|archive-date=24 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724052501/http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/II|url-status=live}}</ref> Malignant neoplasms are also simply known as [[cancer]]s and are the focus of [[oncology]].

Prior to the abnormal growth of tissue, such as neoplasia, [[Cell (biology)|cells]] often undergo an abnormal pattern of growth, such as [[metaplasia]] or [[dysplasia]].<ref name = "Abrams">{{cite web |last=Abrams |first=Gerald |title=Neoplasia I |url=http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m1/patientspop-genetics/fall2008/materials |access-date=23 January 2012 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031010106/http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m1/patientspop-genetics/fall2008/materials |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, metaplasia or dysplasia does not always progress to neoplasia and can occur in other conditions as well.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The word neoplasm is from [[Ancient Greek]] {{Lang|grc|νέος-}} {{Transliteration|grc|neo}} 'new' and {{Lang|grc|πλάσμα}} {{Transliteration|grc|plasma}} 'formation, creation'.