Editing Neuroblast (section)

{{short description|Non-dividing precursor cell to a neuron}}
In vertebrates, a '''neuroblast''' or '''primitive nerve cell'''<ref name="Sadler">{{cite book|last1=Sadler|first1=T.|title=Langman's medical embryology.|url=https://archive.org/details/langmansmedicale00sadl_655|url-access=limited|date=2010|publisher=Lippincott William & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-07817-9069-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/langmansmedicale00sadl_655/page/n307 296]–297|edition=11th}}</ref> is a [[G0 phase|postmitotic cell]] that does not divide further,<ref name="Williams">{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=S. Mark |last7=Purves |first7=Dale |title=The Initial Formation of the Nervous System: Gastrulation and Neurulation |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10993/ |website=Neuroscience. 2nd edition |access-date=5 January 2019 |language=en |date=2001}}</ref> and which will develop into a [[neuron]] after a [[Cell migration|migration]] phase.<ref name="Purves2012">{{cite book |last1=Purves |first1=Dale |title=Neuroscience |date=2012 |publisher=Sinauer Associates |isbn=9780878936953 |pages=490 |edition=5th}}</ref> In invertebrates such as ''Drosophila,'' neuroblasts are neural progenitor cells which divide asymmetrically to produce a neuroblast, and a daughter cell of varying potency depending on the type of neuroblast. Vertebrate neuroblasts [[Cellular differentiation|differentiate]] from [[radial glial cell]]s and are committed to becoming neurons.<ref name="urlwberesford.hsc.wvu.edu">{{cite web |url=http://wberesford.hsc.wvu.edu/histolch10.htm |title=wberesford.hsc.wvu.edu |access-date=2010-04-08}}</ref> [[Neural stem cell]]s, which only divide symmetrically to produce more neural stem cells, transition gradually into [[radial glial cell]]s.<ref name="Johnson">{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=CA |last2=Wright |first2=CE |last3=Ghashghaei |first3=HT |title=Regulation of cytokinesis during corticogenesis: focus on the midbody. |journal=FEBS Letters |date=December 2017 |volume=591 |issue=24 |pages=4009–4026 |doi=10.1002/1873-3468.12676 |pmid=28493553|doi-access=free }}</ref> Radial glial cells, also called radial glial progenitor cells, divide [[Asymmetric cell division|asymmetrically]] to produce a neuroblast and another radial glial cell that will re-enter the cell cycle.<ref name="Johnson"/><ref name="Purves2012"/>

This [[mitosis]] occurs in the germinal [[neuroepithelial cell|neuroepithelium]] (or germinal zone), when a radial glial cell divides to produce the neuroblast. The neuroblast detaches from the epithelium and [[cellular migration|migrates]] while the radial glial progenitor cell produced stays in the lumenal epithelium. The migrating cell will not divide further and this is called the neuron's birthday. Cells with the earliest birthdays will only migrate a short distance. Those cells with later birthdays will migrate further to the more outer regions of the [[cerebral cortex]]. The positions that the migrated cells occupy will determine their neuronal differentiation.<ref name="Gilbert">{{cite book |last1=Gilbert |first1=Scott |title=Developmental biology |url=https://archive.org/details/developmentalbio00gilb_292 |url-access=limited |date=2006 |publisher=Sinauer Associates Publishers |isbn=9780878932504 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/developmentalbio00gilb_292/page/n405 386]–387 |edition=8th}}</ref>