Editing New Netherland (section)

{{Short description|17th-century Dutch colony in North America}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox Former Country
| native_name            = {{native name|nl|Nieuw Nederland|paren=omit}}
| conventional_long_name = New Netherland
| common_name            = New Netherland
| status                 = Colony
| empire                 = [[Dutch colonial empire]]
| established_event1     = Establishment of the first settlers
| established_date1      = 1614
| established_event2     = [[Conquest of New Netherland|Capture of New Amsterdam]]
| established_date2      = August 27, 1664
| established_event3     = [[Treaty of Breda (1667)|Treaty of Breda]]
| established_date3      = July 23, 1667
| established_event4     = [[Reconquest of New Netherland]]
| established_date4      = August 9, 1673
| established_event5     = [[Treaty of Westminster (1674)|Treaty of Westminster]]
| established_date5      = February 19, 1674
| life_span              = 1614–1667<br>1673–1674
| p1                     = Lenapehoking
| s1                     = Province of New York
| s2                     = Province of New Jersey
| s3                     = Province of Pennsylvania
| s4                     = Delaware Colony
| s5                     = Connecticut Colony
| s6                     = Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
| image_flag             = Prinsenvlag.svg
| flag_caption           = [[Prince's Flag|Flag]] (1614–1652)
| image_coat             = Seal of New Netherland (Sigillum Novi Belgii) Bronze Cast Iron.png
| symbol_type            = Seal<ref group="nb">Inscribed around the [[heraldic]] beaver with a [[Neo-Latin]] translation of the name as ''Novum Belgium'' ("(New) [[Belgium]]" here [[Terminology of the Low Countries|referring to the original Dutch region]]). Also seen in Latin translations as ''Nova Belgica'' or ''Neerlandia''.</ref>
| image_map              = New Netherland 'NOVI BELGII NOVAEQUE ANGLIAE NEC NON PARTIS VIRGINIAE TABULA'.jpg
| image_map_caption      = New Netherland map published by [[Nicolaes Visscher II]] (1649–1702)
| capital                = [[New Amsterdam]]
| currency               = [[Dutch rijksdaalder]], [[Thaler|leeuwendaalder]]
| religion               = [[Dutch Reformed]]<ref name="Wentz 1955 6">{{cite book |last=Wentz |first=Abel Ross |title=A Basic History of Lutheranism in America |year=1955 |publisher=Muhlenberg Press |location=Philadelphia |chapter=New Netherland and New York |page=6}}</ref>
| leader_title1          = '''[[Directors of New Netherland|Director]]'''
| leader_name1           = ([[Directors of New Netherland|List]])
| official_languages     = [[Dutch language|Dutch]]<ref name="The New Netherland Dutch">{{cite web |title = The New Netherland Dutch |work = The People of Colonial Albany live here |date = Feb 2003 |url = http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/albany/nnd.html |access-date = December 8, 2008 |archive-date = March 3, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185638/http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/albany/nnd.html |url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="Un-Pilgrims">{{Cite news |edition = New York |issn = 0362-4331 |author-link = Russell Shorto |page = 39 |last = Shorto |first = Russell |title = The Un-Pilgrims  |work = The New York Times |access-date = March 6, 2009 |date = November 27, 2003 |url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E00E0DA1F3BF934A15752C1A9659C8B63}}</ref>
| languages_type         = Minority languages
| languages              = [[Low Saxon]], [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]], [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]], [[Delaware languages|Delaware]]
| today                  = {{tree list}}
* [[United States]]
** [[Connecticut]]
** [[Delaware]]
** [[New Jersey]]
** [[New York (state)|New York]]
** {{nowr|[[Pennsylvania]]}}
{{tree list/end}}
| population_estimate    = 350 (in 1630)<ref name="popstats"/> <br> 4,301 (in 1650)<ref name="popstats"/> <br> 9,000 (in 1674)
| population_census      =
| demonym                = [[New Netherlander]]<br>New Dutch
| area_km2               =
| area_rank              =
| GDP_PPP                =
| GDP_PPP_year           =
| HDI                    =
| HDI_year               =
| flag_width             =
}}
{{New Netherland}}

'''New Netherland''' ({{langx|nl|Nieuw Nederland}}) was a [[colony]] of the [[Dutch Republic]] located on the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] of what is now the [[United States]]. The claimed territories extended from the [[Delmarva Peninsula]] to [[Cape Cod]]. Settlements were established in what became the states of [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]], [[Delaware]], and [[Connecticut]], with small outposts in [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Rhode Island]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/geyl001gesc01_01/geyl001gesc01_01_0029.php | title=P. Geyl, Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse stam · DBNL }}</ref>

The colony was originally conceived by the [[Dutch West India Company]] (GWC) in 1621 to capitalize on the [[North American fur trade]]. Settlement initially stalled because of policy mismanagement by the GWC and conflicts with [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]. The settlement of [[New Sweden]] by the [[Swedish South Company]] encroached on its southern flank, while its eastern border was redrawn to accommodate the English colonies of an expanding [[New England Confederation]]. 

The colony experienced dramatic growth during the 1650s and became a major center for trade across the [[Atlantic Ocean|North Atlantic]]. The Dutch [[Conquest of New Sweden|conquered]] New Sweden in 1655 but, during the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]], surrendered New Netherland to the English following the capture of [[New Amsterdam]]. In 1673, the [[Reconquest of New Netherland|Dutch retook]] the colony but relinquished it under the [[Treaty of Westminster (1674)]] that ended the [[Third Anglo-Dutch War]].

The inhabitants of New Netherland ([[New Netherlander]]s) were European colonists, [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], and Africans imported as slave laborers. Not including Native Americans, the colonial population, many of whom were not of Dutch descent,<ref>Peter Eisenstadt, ed. ''Encyclopedia of New York State'' (Syracuse UP, 2005) p. 1051.</ref><ref>Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen. Exploring Historic Dutch New York, 2013.</ref><ref>Oliver A. Rink, Holland on the Hudson: An Economic and Social History of Dutch New York, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986, p. 156.</ref> was 4,301 in 1650<ref name="popstats"/> and 8,000 to 9,000 at the time of transfer to England in 1674.