Editing Niagara Movement (section)

{{short description|African-American civil rights organization founded in 1905}}
[[File:Niagara movement meeting in Fort Erie, Canada, 1905.jpg|thumb|right|A photo illustration of some of the attendees at the first Niagara Conference. Top row, left to right: H.A. Thompson, New York; Alonzo F. Herndon, Georgia; John Hope, Georgia, (possibly James R.L. Diggs). Second row, left to right: Fred McGhee, Minnesota; Norris B. Herndon;<ref name=Blackpast.org>{{Cite web 
|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/norris-bumstead-herndon-1897-1977/ 
|title=Norris B. Herndon (1897-1977)
|first=Euell A.
|last=Nielsen
|date= March 9, 2016
|publisher=[[BlackPast.org]]
|access-date=February 24, 2021 
|archive-date=May 17, 2021 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517143913/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/norris-bumstead-herndon-1897-1977/ 
|url-status=live }}</ref> J. Max Barber, Illinois; W.E.B. Du Bois, Atlanta; Robert Bonner, Massachusetts, (bottom row: left to right) Henry L. Baily, Washington, D.C.; Clement G. Morgan, Massachusetts; W.H.H. Hart, Washington, D.C.; and B.S. Smith, Kansas.<ref name=UMass/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www3.buffalolib.org/sites/default/files/pdf/genealogy/subject-guides/NiagaraMovement.pdf |title="Niagara Movement:Selected Sources in the Buffalo and Erie County Public Library", July 2012, page 1. Retrieved February 28, 2020. |access-date=February 28, 2020 |archive-date=August 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804150424/http://www3.buffalolib.org/sites/default/files/pdf/genealogy/subject-guides/NiagaraMovement.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> (1905 silver gelatin print.)]]
The '''Niagara Movement''' ('''NM''')<ref name=UMass>{{Cite web |url=http://scua.library.umass.edu/digital/niagara.htm |title="Niagara Movement Digital Archive", W. E. B. Du Bois Library, University of Massachusetts Amherst. Retrieved February 24, 2021. |access-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-date=January 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102143857/http://scua.library.umass.edu/digital/niagara.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> was a [[civil rights]] organization founded in 1905 by a group of activists—many of whom were among the vanguard of African-American lawyers in the United States—led by [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] and [[William Monroe Trotter]]. The Niagara Movement was organized to oppose [[racial segregation]] and [[disenfranchisement]]. Its members felt the policy of accommodation and conciliation, without voting rights, promoted by [[Booker T. Washington]], was "unmanly." It was named for the "mighty current" of change the group wanted to effect and took [[Niagara Falls]] as its symbol. The group did not meet in [[Niagara Falls, New York]], but planned its first conference for nearby [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] during the week of July 9, 1905. To avoid a possible racist protest, Du Bois instead hired a small hotel across the border in [[Fort Erie, Ontario]], Canada.<ref>{{cite book
|page=249
|url=https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofw0000dubo/page/248/mode/2up
|title=The autobiography of W.E.B. DuBois : a soliloquy on viewing my life from the last decade of its first century
|last=Du Bois
|first= W. E. B.
|date=1991
|orig-date=1968
|authorlink=W.E.B. Du Bois
|lccn=68-14103
|location=New York
|publisher=[[International Publishers]]|isbn=9780717802340
}}</ref> The Niagara Movement was the immediate predecessor of the [[NAACP]].