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Nicolas Luckner
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{{Short description|German officer in French service}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}} {{Infobox military person | name = Nicolas Luckner | image = File:Nicolas luckner.jpg | caption = Marshal Luckner | birth_date = 12 January 1722 | birth_name = Johann Nikolaus Luckner | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1794|1|4|1722|1|12}} | placeofburial_label = | birth_place = [[Cham, Germany|Cham]], [[Electorate of Bavaria]] | death_place = [[Paris]], [[French First Republic|French Republic]] | placeofburial = | nickname = | allegiance = [[File:Electoral Standard of Bavaria (1623-1806).svg|22px]] [[Electorate of Bavaria]] <br> [[File:Flag of Hanover (1692).svg|22px]] [[Electorate of Hanover]]<br> [[File:Prinsenvlag.svg|22px]] [[Dutch Republic]] <br> {{flag|Kingdom of France}} <br> [[File:Flag of France (1790-1794).svg|22px]] [[Kingdom of France (1791–92)|Kingdom of France]]<br> [[File:Flag of France.svg|22px]] [[French First Republic|French Republic]] | branch = | serviceyears = | rank = [[Marshal of France]] | unit = | commands = [[Armée du Rhin]] <br> [[Armée du Nord]] | battles = {{tree list}} * [[Seven Years' War]] ** [[Battle of Emsdorf]] ** [[Battle of Corbach]] ** [[Battle of Nauheim]] * [[French Revolutionary Wars]] ** [[War of the First Coalition]] *** [[Capture of Porrentruy|Defence of France]] *** [[Battle of Marquain|French invasion of the Austrian Netherlands]] {{tree list/end}} | awards = [[Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe]], [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]] | relations = | laterwork = }} '''Nicolas, Count Luckner''' ({{langx|de|Johann Nikolaus Graf Luckner}}; 12 January 1722, [[Cham, Germany|Cham]] – 4 January 1794, [[Paris]]) was a German officer in French service who rose to become a [[Marshal of France]]. Luckner grew up in [[Bad Kötzting|Kötzting]], in eastern [[Bavaria]] and received his early education from the Jesuits in [[Passau]]. Before entering the French service, Luckner spent time in the Bavarian, [[Netherlands|Dutch]] and [[Hanover]]ian armies. He fought as a commander of [[hussar]]s during the [[Seven Years' War]] (1756–1763) in the [[Hanoverian Army]] against the French. Luckner joined the French army in 1763 with the rank of lieutenant general. In 1784 he became a [[Denmark|Danish]] count. [[File:Luckner maréchal Verite BNF Gallica.jpg|thumb|left|Luckner, portrait of 1792.]] He supported the [[French Revolution]], and the year 1791 saw Luckner become a Marshal of France. In 1791–92 Luckner served as the first commander of the [[Army of the Rhine (France)|Army of the Rhine]]. In April 1792, [[Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle|Rouget de Lisle]] dedicated to him the ''Chant de Guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin'' (War Song of the Army of the Rhine), which was to become better known as the ''[[Marseillaise]]''. As commander of the [[Army of the North (France)|Army of the North]] in 1792 he captured the [[Flanders|Flemish]] cities of [[Menen]] and [[Kortrijk]], but then had to retreat towards [[Lille]]. After the flight of [[Marquis de Lafayette|Lafayette]] (August 1792) he was made generalissimo with orders to build a Reserve Army near [[Châlons-sur-Marne]]. However, the [[National Convention]] was not satisfied with his progress and [[Choderlos de Laclos]] was ordered to support or replace him. Luckner, now over 70 years of age, then asked for dismissal (granted in January 1793) and went to [[Paris]]. He was arrested by the [[Revolutionary Tribunal]] and sentenced to death. He died by the [[guillotine]] in Paris in 1794. The [[carillon]] of the town hall in the [[Bavaria]]n town of [[Cham, Germany|Cham]] rings the Marseillaise every day at 12.05 p.m. to commemorate the city's most famous son, ''Nikolaus Graf Luckner''. He was the great-grandfather of Count [[Felix von Luckner]] (1881–1966), a [[Imperial German Navy|German naval]] officer who commanded the famed merchant raider [[SMS Seeadler (1915)|SMS ''Seeadler'']] (1916–1917) during [[World War I]] . Luckner owned [[Krummbek Manor]] in [[Holstein]].
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