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Nociception
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{{Short description|How an organism receives and responds to painful stimuli}} In [[physiology]], '''nociception''' {{IPA|/ΛnΙΚsΙͺΛsΙpΚ(Ι)n/}}, also '''nocioception'''; {{ety|la|nocere|to [[harm]]/hurt}}) is the [[Somatosensory system|sensory nervous system]]'s process of encoding [[Noxious stimulus|noxious stimuli]]. It deals with a series of events and processes required for an organism to receive a [[pain]]ful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal to trigger an appropriate defensive response. In nociception, intense chemical (e.g., [[capsaicin]] present in [[chili pepper]] or [[cayenne pepper]]), mechanical (e.g., cutting, crushing), or thermal (heat and cold) stimulation of [[sensory neuron]]s called [[nociceptor]]s produces a signal that travels along a chain of [[nerve fiber]]s to the [[brain]].<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RGIDl4OP0IC&pg=RA3-PA403 |chapter=Chronic Pain Management |first1=Russell K. |last1=Portenoy |first2=Michael J. |last2=Brennan |title=Handbook of Neurorehabilitation |editor1-first=David C. |editor1-last=Good |editor2-first=James R. |editor2-last=Couch |publisher=Informa Healthcare |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-8247-8822-3 |access-date=2017-09-06 |archive-date=2020-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024000456/https://books.google.com/books?id=1RGIDl4OP0IC&pg=RA3-PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nociception triggers a variety of physiological and behavioral responses to protect the organism against an aggression, and usually results in a subjective experience, or [[perception]], of pain in [[Sentience|sentient]] beings.<ref name="Bayne">{{cite book |last1=Bayne |first1=Kathryn |chapter=Assessing Pain and Distress: A Veterinary Behaviorist's Perspective |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK99551/ |pages=13β21 |title=Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of the Workshop Held June 22, 2000 |date=2000 |publisher=National Academies Press |isbn=978-0-309-17128-1 |access-date=May 17, 2020 |archive-date=September 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913000715/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK99551/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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