Editing North Dakota (section)

{{short description|U.S. state}}
{{Other uses}}
{{pp-move}}
{{External links|date=November 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = February 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}

{{Infobox U.S. state
| name = North Dakota
| native_name = 
| image_flag = Flag of North Dakota.svg
| flag_link = Flag of North Dakota
| image_seal = Great Seal of North Dakota.svg
| seal_link = Great Seal of North Dakota
| image_map = North Dakota in United States.svg
| nickname = Peace Garden State
| motto = Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable
| Former = Dakota Territory
| population_demonym = North Dakotan
| seat = [[Bismarck, North Dakota|Bismarck]]
| LargestCity = [[Fargo, North Dakota|Fargo]]
| LargestCounty = [[Cass County, North Dakota|Cass]]
| LargestMetro = [[Fargo–Moorhead|Fargo]]
| OfficialLang = English<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode/t54c02.pdf|title=North Dakota Century Code, CHAPTER 54–02–13|date=September 13, 2013|access-date=September 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117073131/http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode/t54c02.pdf|archive-date=January 17, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Governor = {{nowrap|[[Kelly Armstrong]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])}}
| Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[Michelle Strinden]] (R)}}
| Legislature = {{nowrap|[[North Dakota Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]]}}
| Upperhouse = [[North Dakota Senate|Senate]]
| Lowerhouse = [[North Dakota House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
| Judiciary = [[North Dakota Supreme Court]]
| Senators = {{nowrap|[[John Hoeven]] (R)}}<br/>{{nowrap|[[Kevin Cramer]] (R)}}
| Representative = [[Julie Fedorchak]] (R)
| postal_code = ND
| TradAbbreviation = N.D., N.Dak., No.Dak
| area_rank = 19th
| area_total_sq_mi = 70,706
| area_total_km2 = 183,125
| area_land_sq_mi = 68,995
| area_land_km2 = 178,694
| area_water_sq_mi = 1,719
| area_water_km2 = 4,428
| area_water_percent = 2.3
| population_rank = 47th
| population_as_of = 2025
| 2010Pop = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 804,089<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ND/PST045224|accessdate=January 9, 2025|title= United States Census Quick Facts North Dakota}}</ref>
| population_density_rank = 47th
| 2000DensityUS = 10.73
| 2000Density = 4.13
| MedianHouseholdIncome = ${{round|76525|-2}} (2<span>0</span>23)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/acsbr-023.pdf|title=Household Income in States and Metropolitan Areas: 2023|accessdate=January 12, 2025}}</ref>
| IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|21st]]
| AdmittanceOrder = 39th
| AdmittanceDate = November 2, 1889
| timezone1 = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central]]
| utc_offset1 = −06:00
| timezone1_DST = [[Central Daylight Time|CDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST = −05:00
| timezone1_location = most of state
| timezone2 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain]]
| utc_offset2 = −07:00
| timezone2_DST = [[Mountain Daylight Time|MDT]]
| utc_offset2_DST = −06:00
| timezone2_location = southwest
| Latitude = 45° 56′ N to [[49th parallel north|49° 00′ N]]
| Longitude = 96° 33′ W to 104° 03′ W
| length_mi = 300
| length_km = 482
| width_mi = 200
| width_km = 321
| elevation_max_point = [[White Butte (North Dakota)|White Butte]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|access-date=October 24, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|archive-date=October 15, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref>{{efn|name=NAVD88|Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]]}}
| elevation_max_ft = 3,609
| elevation_max_m = 1,069
| elevation_ft = 1,901
| elevation_m = 580
| elevation_min_point = [[Red River of the North]] at [[Manitoba]] border<ref name=USGS/>{{efn|name=NAVD88}}
| elevation_min_ft = 864
| elevation_min_m = 216
| iso_code = US-ND
| website = nd.gov
| Capital = Bismarck, North Dakota
| Representatives = 
}}
{{Infobox region symbols|country=United States
|state               = North Dakota
|image_flag               = Flag of North Dakota.svg
|image_seal               = Seal of North Dakota.svg
|image_arms       = Coat of arms of North Dakota.svg
|mammal             = [[Nokota horse]]
|bird               = [[Western meadowlark]]
|fish               = [[Northern pike]]
|flower             = [[Wild prairie rose]]
|insect             = [[Western honeybee]]
|tree               = [[American Elm]]
|grass              = [[Western wheatgrass]]
|beverage           = [[Milk]]
|dance              = [[Square dance]]<br/>[[Line dance]]
|fossil             = [[Petrified wood|Teredo petrified wood]]
|fruit              = [[Chokecherry]]
|image_route       = ND-200 (2015).svg
|image_quarter            = 
|quarter_release_date = 2006
}}
'''North Dakota''' ({{IPAc-en|pron|audio=en-us-North Dakota.ogg|d|ə|ˈ|k|oʊ|t|ə}} {{respell|də|KOH|tə}})<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|North Dakota|accessdate=2024-03-08}}</ref> is a [[U.S. state]] in the [[Upper Midwest]], named after the indigenous [[Dakota people|Dakota]] and [[Sioux]] peoples. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of [[Saskatchewan]] and [[Manitoba]] to the north and by the U.S. states of [[Minnesota]] to the east, [[South Dakota]] to the south, and [[Montana]] to the west. North Dakota is part of the [[Great Plains]] region, characterized by broad [[prairie]]s, [[steppe]], temperate [[savanna]], [[badlands]], and farmland. North Dakota is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|19th-largest state]] by area, but with a population of just under 800,000, the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|fourth-least populous]] and [[List of U.S. states by population density|fourth-least densely populated]]. The [[List of capitals in the United States|state capital]] is [[Bismarck, North Dakota|Bismarck]] and the [[List of cities in North Dakota|most populous city]] is [[Fargo, North Dakota|Fargo]], which accounts for nearly a fifth of the state's population; both cities are among the fastest-growing in the U.S., although half of all North Dakotans live in rural areas.

What is now North Dakota was inhabited for thousands of years by various [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribes, including the [[Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation|Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara]] along the [[Missouri River]]; the [[Ojibwe]] and [[Cree]] in the northeast; and several Sioux groups (the [[Assiniboine|Nakota]], [[Dakota people|Dakota]], and [[Lakota people|Lakota]]) in the rest of the state. European explorers and traders first arrived in the early 18th century, mostly in pursuit of furs.

The United States acquired the region in the early 19th century, gradually settling it amid [[American Indian Wars|growing resistance]] by increasingly displaced natives. The [[Dakota Territory]], established in 1861, became central to [[American pioneer]]s, with the [[Homestead Act of 1862]] precipitating significant population growth and development. The traditional fur trade declined in favor of farming, particularly of wheat. The Dakota Boom of 1878 to 1886 saw giant farms stretched across the rolling prairies, with the territory becoming a regional economic power. The [[Northern Pacific Railway|Northern Pacific]] and [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern]] railway companies competed for access to lucrative grain centers; farmers banded together in political and socioeconomic alliances that were central to the Midwest's broader [[Populist movement (United States, 19th Century)|Populist Movement]]. North and South Dakota were [[Admission to the Union|admitted to the Union]] on November 2, 1889, as the 39th and 40th states. President [[Benjamin Harrison]] shuffled the statehood papers before signing them so that no one could tell which became a state first; consequently, the two states are officially numbered in alphabetical order.<ref>{{cite book|first=Mark|last=Stein|author-link=Mark Stein (author)|title=How the States Got Their Shapes|publisher=Smithsonian Books/Harper Collins|date=2008|page=256|isbn=978-0061431395}}</ref> Statehood marked the gradual winding-down of the pioneer period, with the state fully settled by around 1920.<ref>{{Cite web|title=North Dakota - History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/North-Dakota|access-date=August 14, 2021|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625135100/https://www.britannica.com/place/North-Dakota|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequent decades saw a rise in radical agrarian movements and economic cooperatives, of which one legacy is the [[Bank of North Dakota]], the nation's only state-run bank.

Beginning in the mid-20th century, North Dakota's rich [[natural resource]]s became more critical to economic development; into the 21st century, [[Extraction of petroleum|oil extraction]] from the [[Bakken formation]] in the northwest has played a [[North Dakota oil boom|major role]] in the state's prosperity. Such development has led to population growth (along with high birth rates) and reduced unemployment. North Dakota ranks fairly high in metrics such as infrastructure, [[quality of life]], economic opportunity, and public safety. It is believed to contain North America's geographic center, in [[Rugby, North Dakota|Rugby]], and is home to what was once the tallest artificial structure in the [[Western Hemisphere]], the [[KVLY-TV]] [[KVLY-TV mast|mast]].