Editing Nynetjer (section)

{{Short description|Egyptian pharaoh}}
{{Infobox pharaoh
| name           = Nynetjer
| alt_name       = Ninetjer, Ninuter, Nyneter, Neteren, Banetjer, Banetjeren, Banetjeru, Binothris, Biophis, <small>[Netjermu deprecated]</small>
| image          = File:Statue of Ninetjer Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 03.jpg
| image_alt      = 
| caption        = Quartzite{{efn|group=note|According to publications{{sfn|Wilkinson|2005|p=72}} as well as the purchase description of the [[Rijksmuseum van Oudheden]] in Leiden, the statue of Pharaoh Ninetjer was made of alabaster, but doubts soon arose about this after purchase. In 2017, the statue was therefore examined by geologist Dr. Hanco Zwaan of the [[Naturalis Biodiversity Center]] in Leiden. It turned out that the statue was indeed made of a different rock, namely quartzite. The hard quartzite is difficult to work, especially with the bronze and flint tools available to the Egyptians at the time. It is therefore special that they could already handle this hard rock so well.<ref>{{cite web |date=2013-10-17 |title=Twee faraobeeltjes |trans-title=Two pharaoh statues |url=https://www.rmo.nl/collectie/aanwinsten/twee-faraobeeldjes/ |language=Dutch |work=Rijksmuseum van Oudheden |location=Leiden |access-date=2024-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190850/https://www.rmo.nl/collectie/aanwinsten/twee-faraobeeldjes/ |archive-date=2023-01-17 |ref=none}}</ref>}} statue of Nynetjer wearing ceremonial clothes of the [[sed festival]],{{sfn|Simpson|1956|p=46}}{{sfn|Emery|1961|p=95}} [[Rijksmuseum van Oudheden]].
| role           =
| reign          = Duration: 38–49 years, most probably 40, sometime in the {{nowrap|29th century BC}} to early {{nowrap|27th century BC}}{{efn|group=note|Proposed dates for Nynetjer's reign: c. 2810 BC,{{sfn|Bierbrier|1999|pp=xviii & 263}} 2810–2760 BC,{{sfn|von Beckerath|1997|p=187}} 2790–2754 BC,{{sfn|Chauvet|2001|p=176}} 2785–2742 BC,{{sfn|von Beckerath|1999|p=283}}{{sfn|Lacher-Raschdorff|2015|p=47}} 2767–2717 BC,{{sfn|von Beckerath|1997|p=187}} 2760–2715 BC,{{sfn|Hornung|Lorton|1999|p=11}} c. 2700–2660 BC.{{sfn|Hornung|2012|p=490}}}}
| dynasty        = [[Second Dynasty of Egypt|2nd Dynasty]]
| coregency      = 
| predecessor    = [[Nebra (Pharaoh)|Nebra]]
| successor      = uncertain: [[Nubnefer]],{{sfn|Kahl|2007|p=16}} or [[Weneg (pharaoh)|Weneg]] (only if distinct from Raneb, may also be identified with [[Wadjenes]]{{sfn|Edwards|1971|p=31}}) or [[Seth-Peribsen]]{{sfn|Bierbrier|1999|p=175}}

| notes          =
| prenomen       = 
| prenomen_hiero = 
| nomen          = {{center|'''[[Abydos King List]]'''<br/>Banetjer<br/>''B3-nṯr'' <br/><hiero><-W10A-E11-R8-N35-></hiero><br/><br/>'''[[Saqqara King List]]'''<br/>Banetjeru<br /> ''B3-nṯr.w''<br /><hiero><-W10A-G29-R8-X1:D21-G43-></hiero><br/><br/>'''[[Turin King List|Turin Canon]]'''<br/>...Netjer-ren<br/>''...nṯr-rn''<br /><hiero><-HASH-HASH-R8-r:N35->-G7</hiero><br/><br/>'''Gold name (Palermo stone)'''<br/>Ren-nebu<br/>''Rn-nb.w''<br /><hiero>M22-D21:N35:S12</hiero>}}
| nomen_hiero    = 
| horus          = {{center|Nynetjer<br/>''Nj-nṯr'' <br/>''Godlike''{{sfn|Clayton|1994|p=26}}<br>''He who belongs to the god <small>[i.e. to Ra]</small>''{{sfn|Grimal|1992|p=54}}}}
| horus_hiero    = <hiero>R8-n</hiero>
| horus_prefix   = 
| nebty          = {{center|Nynetjer-Nebty<br/>''Nj-nṯr-nbt.j'' <br/>''Godlike one of the Two Ladies''}}
| nebty_hiero    = <hiero>R8-n</hiero>
| golden         =
| golden_hiero   =

| spouse         = uncertain
| children       = uncertain,[[Wadjenes]] and [[Weneg (pharaoh)|Weneg]] ?
| father         = [[Nebra (Pharaoh)|Nebra]] ?
| mother         = 
| birth_date     =
| death_date     =
| burial         = Gallery Tomb B, Saqqara
| monuments      =
}}

'''Nynetjer''' (also known as '''Ninetjer''' and '''Banetjer''') is the [[Horus name]] of the third pharaoh of the [[Second Dynasty of Egypt]] during the [[Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)|Early Dynastic Period]]. Archaeologically, Nynetjer is the best attested king of the entire dynasty. Direct evidence shows that he succeeded [[Raneb]] on the throne. What happened after him is much less clear as historical sources and archaeological evidences point to some breakdown or partition of the state.

Nynetjer's reign is difficult to date precisely, with most experts proposing that he flourished some time during the late {{nowrap|29th century BC}} to the early {{nowrap|27th century BC}}. Estimating the duration of his rule is equally difficult and Egyptologists have proposed from 43 to 50 years of reign for him.