Editing Oakland, California (section)

{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{Redirect2|Oakland|City of Oakland|other uses|Oakland (disambiguation)|and|Oakland City (disambiguation){{!}}Oakland City}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See the table at Template:Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of their usage. -->
| name                   = Oakland
<!-- Images and maps ------>
| settlement_type        = [[List of municipalities in California|City]]
| image_skyline            = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 290
| image_style              = border:1;
| perrow                   = 1/3/2/2/1
| caption_align            = center
 |image1 = OAKLAND, CA, USA - Skyline and Bridge (cropped).JPG
 |caption1 = Skyline of [[Downtown Oakland]], with the [[San Francisco Bay]] in the background
 |image2 = Alameda County Superior Court (cropped).jpg
 |caption2 = [[René C. Davidson Courthouse|Davidson Courthouse]]
 |image3 = Fox Oakland Theatre.jpg
 |caption3 = [[Fox Oakland Theatre]]
 |image4 = Downtown Oakland Historic District-6 (cropped).jpg
 |caption4 = [[Tribune Tower (Oakland)|Tribune Tower]]
 |image5 = Eastern Span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge at night, seen from Yerba Buena Island.jpg
 |caption5 = Eastern span of the [[San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge|Bay Bridge]]
 |image6 = Mormon Temple, Oakland.jpg
 |caption6 = [[Oakland Temple]]
 |image7 = Grand Avenue side of Lake Merritt, Oakland.jpg
 |caption7 = [[Lake Merritt]]
 |image8 = Oakland Coliseum aerial view 2024.jpg
 |caption8 = [[Oakland Coliseum]]
}}
| image_flag             = Flag of Oakland, California.svg
| flag_size              = 110px
| image_seal             = Seal of Oakland, California.png
| seal_size              = 90px
| image_blank_emblem     = Logo of Oakland, California.svg
| blank_emblem_type      = Logo
| blank_emblem_size      = 150px
| nickname               = "Oaktown",<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-11-22-ca-1810-story.html|title=The New Motown : Call it 'Oaktown.' It's funky, it's thriving. It's definitely not L.A. or New York. And it just may be the Hip-Hop Capital of America|first=TOM|last=SCANLON|date=November 22, 1992|newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> "The Town"
| motto                  = "Love life"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Debate-over-Oakland-motto-exposes-racial-divide-7252045.php|title=Debate over Oakland motto exposes racial divide, identity crisis|date=April 16, 2016|work=sfchronicle.com}}</ref>
| image_map              = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|fill=#ffffff|fill-opacity=0|stroke-width=3|title=Oakland}}
| mapsize                = 
| map_caption            = Interactive map outlining Oakland
| pushpin_map            = California#USA
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location in California##Location in the United States
| pushpin_label          = Oakland
| pushpin_relief         = yes
<!-- Location ------------->
| coordinates            = {{coord|37|48|16|N|122|16|15|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type       = Country
| subdivision_name       = United States
| subdivision_type1      = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[California]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[Alameda County, California|Alameda]]
<!-- History -------------->
| established_title      = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date       = {{Start date and age|1852|5|4|p=fy}}<!-- Either May 4, 1852 (incorporation passed), or March 25, 1854 (incorporation approved) --><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
|title=California Cities by Incorporation Date
|format=Word
|publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s
|access-date=March 27, 2013 |url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221091414/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
|archive-date=February 21, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="baker_incorporation_date"/>
| named_for              = The large [[oak forest]] that originally covered the area<ref name="ancestry1932"/>
<!-- Government ----------->
| government_type        = [[Mayor-council government|Strong mayor]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/ElectedOfficials/index.htm
| title = Elected Officials
| publisher = City of Oakland, California
| access-date = January 31, 2015
| archive-date = January 31, 2015
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150131221100/http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/ElectedOfficials/index.htm
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| governing_body         = [[Oakland City Council]]
| leader_title           = [[List of mayors of Oakland, California|Mayor]]
| leader_name            = [[Barbara Lee]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| leader_title1          = [[Vice Mayor]]
| leader_name1           = [[Rebecca Kaplan]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| leader_title2          = [[California's 7th State Senate district|State senator]]
| leader_name2           = {{Representative|casd|7|fmt=sleader}}<ref name=SSenate>{{cite web
|url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators
|title=Senators
|access-date=March 18, 2013
|publisher=State of California}}</ref>
| leader_title3          = [[California State Assembly|Assemblymembers]]
| leader_name3           = {{Representative|caad|14|fmt=sleader}} and<br />{{Representative|caad|18|fmt=sleader}}<ref name=SAssembly>{{cite web
|url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers
|title=Members Assembly
|access-date=March 18, 2013
|publisher=State of California}}</ref>
| leader_title4          = [[California's 12th congressional district|U. S. rep.]]
| leader_name4           = {{Representative|cacd|12|fmt=usleader}}<ref name="California">{{Cite GovTrack|CA|12|access-date=March 9, 2013}}</ref>
| unit_pref              = Imperial
| area_footnotes         = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021">{{cite web|title=2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 5, 2021}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi       = 78.03
| area_total_km2         = 202.10
| area_land_sq_mi        = 55.93
| area_land_km2          = 144.86
| area_water_sq_mi       = 22.10
| area_water_km2         = 57.24
<!-- Elevation ------------>
| elevation_footnotes    = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|277566|Oakland}}</ref>
| elevation_ft           = 43
<!-- Population ----------->
| population_total       = 440646
| population_as_of       = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes   = <ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Oakland city, California |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/oaklandcitycalifornia/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=September 7, 2021}}</ref>
| population_rank        = [[Alameda County, California|1st]] in Alameda County<br />[[List of largest cities in California by population|8th]] in California<br />[[List of United States cities by population|45th]] in the United States
| population_density_sq_mi = 7878.53
| population_density_km2 = 3041.87
| population_demonym     = Oaklander
<!-- Time zones ----------->
| postal_code_type       = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code            = 94601–94615, 94617-94624, 94649, 94659–94662, 94666<ref>{{cite web |title=Zip Code Lookup |url=https://tools.usps.com/zip-code-lookup.htm?bycitystate |website=USPS |access-date=April 11, 2020}}</ref>
| area_code              = [[Area codes 510 and 341|510/341]]
| area_code_type         = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area codes]]
| website                = {{URL|https://www.oaklandca.gov/|oaklandca.gov}}
<!-- Area------------------>
| timezone               = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]]
| utc_offset             = −08:00
| timezone_DST           = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
| utc_offset_DST         = −07:00
<!-- Codes ---------------->
| blank_name             = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS]] code
| blank_info             = {{FIPS|06|53000}}
| blank1_name            = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
| blank1_info            = {{GNIS4|277566}}, {{GNIS4|2411292}}
}}

'''Oakland''' is a city in the [[East Bay]] region of the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[California]]. It is the [[county seat]] and most populous city in [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]], with a population of 440,646 in 2020.<ref name="QuickFacts" /> A major [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] port, Oakland is the most populous city in the East Bay, the third most populous city in the Bay Area, and the eighth most populous city in California. It serves as the Bay Area's trade center: the [[Port of Oakland]] is the busiest port in [[Northern California]], and the fifth- or sixth-busiest in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.portofoakland.com/port/history/ |title=Port of Oakland – History |access-date=January 31, 2018 |publisher=[[Port of Oakland]]}}</ref> A [[charter city]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/PDFS/city_b_day_may_2002.pdf|title=Legal Briefs|publisher=City of Oakland Office of the City Attorney|access-date=March 19, 2015|date=May 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924054030/http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/PDFS/city_b_day_may_2002.pdf|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Oakland was [[municipal corporation|incorporated]] on May 4, 1852, in the wake of the state's increasing population due to the [[California gold rush]].<ref name="baker_incorporation_date">{{cite book |author=Joseph Eugene Baker |title=Past and present of Alameda County, California |volume=1 |date=1914 |publisher=S.J. Clarke |pages=55,65,358,360–361}}</ref>

Oakland's territory covers what was once a mosaic of [[California coastal prairie|California coastal terrace prairie]], [[oak]] [[woodland]], and north [[coastal scrub]].<ref name="baker_oak_redwood">{{cite book |author=Joseph Eugene Baker |title=Past and present of Alameda County, California |volume=1 |date=1914 |publisher=S.J. Clarke |pages=49–51}}</ref> In the late 18th century, it became part of a large ''rancho'' grant in the colony of [[New Spain]], and was known for its plentiful [[live oak|oak tree]] stands. Its land served as a resource when its hillside oak and [[Sequoia sempervirens|redwood]] timber were logged to build [[San Francisco]].<ref name="baker_oak_redwood"/> The fertile flatland soils helped it become a prolific agricultural region. In the 1850s, what became the first campus of the [[University of California]] was founded in Oakland, and Oakland was selected as the western terminal of the [[First transcontinental railroad|Transcontinental Railroad]] in 1869.<ref name="baker_city_growth">{{cite book |author=Joseph Eugene Baker |title=Past and present of Alameda County, California |volume=1 |date=1914 |publisher=S.J. Clarke |page=365}}</ref> The following year, Oakland's [[Lake Merritt]] became the United States' first officially designated wildlife refuge, now a [[National Historic Landmark]]. Following the catastrophic [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]], many San Francisco citizens moved to Oakland, enlarging the population, increasing its housing stock, and improving its infrastructure. It continued to grow in the 20th century with its port, [[shipyard]]s, and manufacturing industry. In the 21st century, between 2019 and 2023, after the city and county refused requests for hundreds of millions of dollars in benefits to the privately owned teams, Oakland lost three teams of the [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|major North American sports leagues]] within a span of five years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Draper |first=Kevin |date=2024-08-24 |title=Teams Leave, but Oakland Still Finds Reasons to Cheer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/24/business/oakland-sports-teams-roots-ballers.html |access-date=2024-08-25 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="OaklandExodus1">{{cite news|url=https://ftw.usatoday.com/lists/oakland-pro-sports-team-loss-athletics-las-vegas-fan-reaction|title=Oakland unbelievably lost all three of its pro sports teams in just 5 years|author=Robert Zeglinski|newspaper=USA TODAY SPORTS|date=April 20, 2023|access-date=May 22, 2024}}</ref>