Editing Ob (section)

{{short description|Major river in Siberia}}
{{Other uses|Ob (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox river
| name               = Ob
| native_name        ={{native name|ru|Обь}}
| name_other         = 
| name_etymology     = 
| image              = March evening. The sun fell across the Ob river.jpg
| image_size         = 
| image_caption      = The Ob in [[Novosibirsk]]
| map                = Ob river basin map.png
| map_size           = 
| map_caption        = Map of the Ob River watershed
| pushpin_map        = 
| pushpin_map_size   = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| mapframe           = yes
| mapframe-zoom      = 3
| subdivision_type1  = Country
| subdivision_name1  = Russia
| subdivision_type2  = 
| subdivision_name2  = 
| subdivision_type3  = Region
| subdivision_name3  = [[Altai Krai]], [[Novosibirsk Oblast]], [[Tomsk Oblast]], [[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]], [[Yamalia]]
| subdivision_type4  = 
| subdivision_name4  = 
| subdivision_type5  = Cities
| subdivision_name5  = [[Biysk]], [[Barnaul]], [[Novosibirsk]], [[Nizhnevartovsk]], [[Surgut]]
| length             = {{convert|3,700|km|mi|abbr=on}} 
| width_min          = {{convert|140|m|abbr=on}}
| width_avg          = {{convert|3,000|m|abbr=on}}
| width_max          = {{convert|19,000|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="Ob River">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ob-River|title=Ob River|access-date=2022-10-22|archive-date=2022-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022201041/https://www.britannica.com/place/Ob-River|url-status=live}}</ref>
| depth_min          = 
| depth_avg          = {{convert|9|m|abbr=on}}
| depth_max          = {{convert|40|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="Ob River"/>
| discharge1_location= [[Salekhard]]<ref name="Ob River at Salekhard"/> (Basin size: {{convert|2,917,508|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="ucpress_Changing-freshwater-contribution">{{cite web|url=https://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article/9/1/00098/117201/Changing-freshwater-contributions-to-the-ArcticA|title=Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic &#124; Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene &#124; University of California Press|access-date=2021-11-26|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126165037/https://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article/9/1/00098/117201/Changing-freshwater-contributions-to-the-ArcticA|url-status=live}}</ref>)
| discharge1_min     = {{convert|2,360|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Ob River at Salekhard">{{cite web|url=http://www.sage.wisc.edu/riverdata/scripts/station_table.php?qual=32&filenum=1693|title=Ob River at Salekhard|publisher=Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment|work=River Discharge Database|date=2010-02-13|access-date=2010-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612203517/http://www.sage.wisc.edu/riverdata/scripts/station_table.php?qual=32&filenum=1693|archive-date=2010-06-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| discharge1_avg     = {{convert|12,889|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="ucpress_Changing-freshwater-contribution"/><br>(Period of data: 1971–2015)
{{convert|12,475.1|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Ob River at Salekhard"/><br>(Period of data: 1930–1984)
{{convert|13,500|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Discharge">{{cite web|url=http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/|title=River Discharge|access-date=2021-10-11|archive-date=2007-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210161317/http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/|url-status=live}}</ref><br>(Period of data: 1999–2008)
| discharge1_max     = {{convert|40,200|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Ob River at Salekhard"/>
| source1            = [[Katun (river)|Katun]]
| source1_location   = [[Belukha Mountain]], [[Altai Republic]]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|49|45|0|N|86|34|0|E|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation  = {{convert|2,300|m|abbr=on}}
| source2            = [[Biya (river)|Biya]] 
| source2_location   = [[Lake Teletskoye]], [[Altai Republic]]
| source2_coordinates= {{coord|51|47|11|N|87|14|49|E|display=inline}}
| source2_elevation  = {{convert|434|m|abbr=on}}
| source3            = Most distant source: Ob-Irtysh system
| source3_location   = near Mang-tai-ch’ia-ta-fan pass, Altai Mountains, [[Xinjiang]],  China
| source3_coordinates= {{coord|47|52|39|N|89|58|12|E|}}
| source3_elevation  = {{convert|2,960|m|abbr=on}}
| source_confluence            = Near [[Biysk]]
| source_confluence_location   = [[Altai Krai]]
| source_confluence_coordinates= {{coord|52|25|54|N|85|01|26|E|display=inline}}
| source_confluence_elevation  = {{convert|195|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth              = [[Gulf of Ob]]
| mouth_location     = Ob Delta, [[Yamalia]]
| mouth_coordinates  = {{coord|66|32|02|N|71|23|41|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation    = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}}
| progression        = 
| river_system       = 
| basin_size         = {{convert|2,972,497|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} to {{convert|2,994,238|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}
| tributaries_left   = [[Katun (river)|Katun]], [[Anuy]], [[Charysh]], [[Aley (river)|Aley]], [[Parabel (river)|Parabel]], [[Vasyugan]], [[Irtysh]], [[Severnaya Sosva]]
| tributaries_right  = [[Biya (river)|Biya]], [[Berd (river)|Berd]], [[Inya (river)|Inya]], [[Tom (river)|Tom]], [[Chulym (Ob)|Chulym]], [[Ket (river)|Ket]], [[Tym (Ob)|Tym]], [[Vakh]], [[Pim (river)|Pim]], [[Kazym]]
| custom_label       = 
| custom_data        = 
|discharge2_location=Ob Estuary, [[Gulf of Ob]] ([[Kara Sea]]), Russia
|discharge2_avg      =
{{convert|402|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Discharge"/><br>(Period of data: 1940–2017)
{{convert|414|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Discharge"/><br>(Period of data: 1984–2018)
| extra             = 
}}

The '''Ob''' ({{IPAc-en|'|Q|b}}; {{langx|ru|Обь}})<ref>{{MW|Ob}}</ref> is a major river in Russia. It is in western [[Siberia]], and with its tributary the [[Irtysh]] forms the world's [[List of rivers by length|seventh-longest river system]], at {{convert|5,410|km}}. The Ob forms at the confluence of the [[Biya (river)|Biya]] and [[Katun (river)|Katun]] which have their origins in the [[Altai Mountains]]. It is the westernmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the [[Arctic Ocean]] (the other two being the [[Yenisei]] and the [[Lena River|Lena]]). Its flow is north-westward, then northward.

The main city on its banks is [[Novosibirsk]], the largest city in Siberia, and the [[List of cities and towns in Russia by population|third-largest city]] in Russia. It is where the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]] crosses the river.

The [[Gulf of Ob]] is the world's longest [[estuary]].