Editing Oceanian realm (section)

{{Short description|Terrestrial biogeographic realm}}
[[Image:Oceanian realm.jpg|thumb|320px|Map of Oceanian realm. It extends further east to include [[Rapa Nui]] and [[Sala y Gomez]].]]

The '''Oceanian realm''' is one of the eight [[biogeographic realm]]s and is unique in not including any [[continent]]al land mass. It has the smallest land area of any of the [[List of terrestrial ecoregions (WWF)|WWF realms]].

This realm includes the  islands of the [[Pacific Ocean]] in [[Micronesia]], the [[Fiji|Fijian Islands]], the [[Hawaiian Islands]], and [[Polynesia]] (with the exception of New Zealand).<ref>Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P., Kassem, K. R. (2001). Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. ''Bioscience'' 51(11):933-938.</ref> [[New Zealand]], [[Australia]], and most of [[Melanesia]] including [[New Guinea]], [[Vanuatu]], the [[Solomon Islands]], and [[New Caledonia]] are included within the [[Australasian realm]].

Conversely, New Guinea, New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands and New Zealand are included in the Oceanian realm in the [[List of biogeographic provinces|classification scheme]] developed by [[Miklos Udvardy]] in 1975.<ref name=Udvardy75>Udvardy, M. D. F. (1975). ''A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world''. IUCN Occasional Paper no. 18. Morges, Switzerland: IUCN.</ref><ref>Udvardy, Miklos D. F. (1975) ''World Biogeographical Provinces'' (Map). The CoEvolution Quarterly, Sausalito, California. [https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~231745~5509023:World----Biogeographical-Provinces link].</ref>

The [[Juan Fernández Islands]] have been included in both the Oceanian and [[Temperate South America]]n realms.<ref name="class"/> Despite only being a few hundred miles removed from the South American coast, the islands have strong Hawaiian and southeast [[Polynesia]]n biogeographic influences, and the presence of an endemic insect and plant family.<ref name="class">{{cite web |last1=Udvardy |first1=Miklos D.F. |title=A Classification of the Biogeographical Provinces of the World |url=https://fnad.org/Documentos/A%20Classification%20of%20the%20Biogeographical%20Provinces%20of%20the%20World%20Miklos%20D.F.%20Udvardy.pdf |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=7 March 2022}}</ref> The uninhabited [[France|French]] territory of [[Clipperton Island]], 1,000 kilometers off the coast of [[Mexico]], has also been associated with the realm.<ref name="clipzoo">{{cite web |last1=Robertson |first1=D. Ross |last2=Allen |first2=Gerald R. |year=1996 |title=Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll |url=https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/19435 |publisher=Repository.si.edu |hdl=10088/19435 |accessdate=2022-01-17}}</ref><ref name="class"/>