Editing One-state solution (section)

{{Short description|Proposed resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict}}
{{hatnote|"Binationalism" and "Binational state" redirect here. For Gaddafi's proposed state, see [[Isratin]]. For uses outside the Israeli–Palestinian context, see [[Two Nations theory (disambiguation)|Two Nations theory]], [[Multinational state]] and [[Consociationalism]].}}
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{{Israel-Palestinian peace process|Proposals}}

The '''one-state solution''' is a proposed approach to the [[Israeli–Palestinian peace process]]. It stipulates the establishment of a single state within the boundaries of what was [[Mandatory Palestine]] between 1920 and 1948, today consisting of the combined territory of [[Israel]] (excluding the [[Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights|annexed Golan Heights]]) and the [[State of Palestine]] (the [[West Bank]] and the [[Gaza Strip]]).<ref name="isratin2009">{{cite news |last=Qadaffi |first=Muammar |author-link=Muammar Gaddafi |date=21 January 2009 |title=The One-State Solution |page=A33 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/22/opinion/22qaddafi.html?ref=opinion |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=22 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514145500/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/22/opinion/22qaddafi.html?ref=opinion |archive-date=14 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="Onestateor">{{Cite web |last=Friedson |first=Felice |date=21 July 2010 |title=One-state or two-state solution |url=https://www.jpost.com/opinion/op-ed-contributors/one-state-or-two-state-solution |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}</ref> The term '''one-state reality''' describes the belief that the current situation of the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]] on the ground is that of one {{Lang|la|de facto}} country.<ref name="Nast 2014">{{Cite magazine |last=Remnick |first=David |date=2014-11-10 |title=The One-State Reality |language=en-US |magazine=The New Yorker |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/11/17/one-state-reality |access-date=2023-05-21 |issn=0028-792X}}</ref> The one-state solution is sometimes referred to as the '''bi-national state''', owing to the hope that it would successfully deliver self-determination to [[Israelis]] and [[Palestinians]] in one country, thus granting both peoples independence as well as absolute access to all of the land.

Various models have been proposed for implementing the one-state solution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sharvit Baruch |first=Pnina |date=2021 |title=Resolving the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict: The Viability of One-State Models |url=https://www.inss.org.il/publication/one-state-models/ |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=www.inss.org.il |publisher=[[Institute for National Security Studies (Israel)|INSS]] |edition=Memorandum No. 217}}</ref> 

* One such model is the [[unitary state]], which would comprise a single government with citizenship and equal rights for every ethnic and religious group in the land,<ref name=":0" /> similar to the legal arrangement of the [[Mandate for Palestine|British Mandate for Palestine]]. Some Israelis advocate a version of this model in which [[Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank|Israel annexes the West Bank]] (but not the Gaza Strip) and grants Israeli citizenship to all of the Palestinians living there, thereby integrating the region and gaining a larger [[Arab citizens of Israel|Arab minority]], but remaining a [[Jewish and democratic state]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last=Al Shawaf |first=Rayyan |date=3 April 2014 |title=Caroline Glick's one-state solution for Israel-Palestine asks all the wrong questions |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/books/caroline-glick-s-one-state-solution-for-israel-palestine-asks-all-the-wrong-questions-1.685514 |website=The National}}</ref> 
* A second model calls for Israel to annex the West Bank and integrate it as a Palestinian autonomous region.<ref name=":0" />&nbsp;
* A third model involves creating a [[Federation|federal state]] with a central government and federative districts, some of which would be Israeli and others Palestinian.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Federation Plan: The Founding Document |url=https://www.federation.org.il/index.php/en/the-federation-plan |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=www.federation.org.il}}</ref> 
* A fourth model, described by the Israeli–Palestinian peace movement [[A Land for All (organization)|A Land for All]], involves the establishment of a [[confederation]] in which independent Israeli and Palestinian states share powers in some areas, and giving Israelis and Palestinians residency rights in each other's states.<ref name="landforall">{{Cite web |date=19 April 2019 |title=A Land For All |url=https://www.alandforall.org/english/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Scheindlin |first=Dahlia |date=29 June 2018 |title=An Israeli–Palestinian Confederation Can Work |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/06/29/an-israeli-palestinian-confederation-can-work/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426104648/https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/06/29/an-israeli-palestinian-confederation-can-work/ |archive-date=26 April 2024 |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Foreign Policy]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

Though increasingly debated in academic circles, the one-state solution has remained outside the range of official diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict, as it has historically been eclipsed by the [[two-state solution]]. According to the most recent joint survey of the Palestinian–Israeli Pulse in 2023, support for a democratic one-state solution stands at 23% among Palestinians and 20% among [[Israeli Jews]]. A non-equal non-democratic one-state solution remains more popular among both populations, supported by 30% of Palestinians and 37% of Israeli Jews.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=24 January 2023 |title=The Palestine/Israel Pulse, a Joint Poll, 2022 |url=https://www.pcpsr.org/en/node/928 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109042512/https://www.pcpsr.org/en/node/928 |archive-date=9 November 2024 |access-date=11 December 2023 |website=[[Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research]] |language=en}}</ref> A Palestinian poll in September 2024 revealed that only 10% of respondents supported a single state that would provide equal rights for both Israelis and Palestinians.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 October 2024 |title=Has the war in Gaza radicalised young Palestinians? |url=https://www.economist.com/briefing/2024/10/03/has-the-war-in-gaza-radicalised-young-palestinians |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107084019/https://www.economist.com/briefing/2024/10/03/has-the-war-in-gaza-radicalised-young-palestinians |archive-date=7 November 2024 |access-date=5 October 2024 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |issn=0013-0613}}</ref>