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{{Short description|City in Anambra State, Nigeria}} {{About||the novel|Onitsha (novel)|the gospel musician|Onitsha (musician)}} {{Use Nigerian English|date=January 2023}} {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->| official_name = Onitsha | native_name = {{nativename|ig|Ọ̀nị̀chà Mmílí}} | other_name = Port City | settlement_type = Metropolis | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 270 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/1/2 | image2 = Onitsha Stock Exchange.jpg | image3 = Cathedral Basilica of the most holy trinity Onitsha.jpg | image4 =Dmgs roundabout onitsha and Azikiwe statue II.jpg | image5 = Dennis Memorial Grammer School.jpg | image6 = Onitsha_Main_Market.jpg | image7 = | image8 = Onitsha Bridge 2.jpg | image9 =All saints Cathedral Onitsha.jpg }} | image_caption = '''''From Top to Left to Right''''': Onitsha Stock Exchange; Basilica of the Most Holy Trinity; DMGS Roundabout; Dennis Memorial Grammar School; Onitsha International Market; Second Niger Bridge; First Niger Bridge; All Saints Cathedral. | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | nickname = Port City, Onitsha(Osha), Otu, Otu Nkwo <!-- images and maps ----------->| image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | pushpin_map = Nigeria#Africa | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Onitsha in Nigeria <!-- Location ------------------>| coordinates = {{coord|6|10|N|6|47|E|region:NG_type:city(328300)|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Nigeria}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States of Nigeria|State]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA(s)]]{{refn|name=LGA|group=note|Main and Metropolitan Onitsha consists of 2 and 7 of Anambra State's 21 LGAs, Respectively.}} | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name1 = [[Anambra State]] | subdivision_name2 = {{collapsible list |title=List of LGAs |'''Mainland''': [[Onitsha North]], [[Onitsha South]]{{refn|group=note|Only Onitsha, Fegge, Woliwo, Odoakpu, American Quarters, Inland Town, Et cetera}} |'''Urban Conurbations''': Parts of |[[Anambra East]], [[Idemili North]], [[Idemili South]], [[Ogbaru]], [[Oyi]] }} | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1550 | established_title2 = Settled | established_date2 = 15th century | established_title3 = Incorporated city | established_date3 = 19th century | government_footnotes = | government_type = [[Constitutional Monarchy]], [[Executive Government]], [[Local Government]] | leader_title = [[Governor of Anambra State|Governor]] | leader_name = [[Charles Chukwuma Soludo]] | leader_title1 = [[Legislature]] | leader_name1 = [[Anambra State House of Assembly]] | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = <ref name="UNHabitat">{{cite book |title=Structure Plan for Onitsha and Satellite Towns |author=UN Habitat |publisher=UN-HABITAT |year=2009 |url=http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getElectronicVersion.aspx?nr=2687&alt=1 |isbn=978-92-1-132117-3 |author-link=UN Habitat |access-date=2010-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927060753/http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getElectronicVersion.aspx?nr=2687&alt=1 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 830 | area_land_km2 = 614.12 | area_water_km2 = 0.067 | area_urban_km2 = 1,965 | area_metro_km2 = 1,965 | area_blank1_title = Onitsha | area_blank1_km2 = <!-- Population -----------------------> | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use tags--> | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> | population_footnotes = <ref name="Britannica">{{Britannica|ID= 429251|title=Onitsha Nigeria}}</ref> | population_total = 1,695,000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/22013/onitsha/population | title=Onitsha, Nigeria Metro Area Population 1950-2024 }}</ref> | population_as_of = 2022 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 7,985,643 | population_density_urban_km2 = auto | population_density_urban_sq_mi = auto | population_metro = 8,320,664<ref name="Africapolis">{{Cite web |title= Africapolis |url=https://africapolis.org/en/explore?agglomeration=Onitsha&country=Nigeria&poprange=1,2,3,4,5,6&year=2020 |access-date=2024-02-23}}</ref> | population_density_metro_km2 = auto | population_density_metro_sq_mi = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicity | population_blank1 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> | population_blank2_title = [[Demonym]] | population_blank2 = Onye Onicha (singular) <br />Ndi Onicha (plural) <small>([[Igbo language|Igbo]])</small> | population_note = <!-- GDP ---------------> | demographics_type1 = [[GDP|GDP (PPP, 2015 int. Dollar)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Year | demographics1_info1 = 2023 | demographics1_title2 = Total | demographics1_info2 = $18,5 billion<ref name="TelluBase">{{cite web|url=https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_nga.pdf|publisher=Tellusant|title=TelluBase—Nigeria Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)| access-date = 2024-01-11}}</ref> | demographics1_title3 = Per capita | demographics1_info3 = $11,400 | timezone1 = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 430...<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |title=Nipost Postcode Map |publisher=Nigerian Postal Service |access-date=2010-05-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126042849/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/postcode.aspx |archive-date=2012-11-26 }}</ref> | area_code = 046 | website = {{URL|https://anambrastate.gov.ng}} | footnotes = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | leader_title2 = [[Senate of Nigeria|Anambra North District]] | leader_name2 = {{Nowrap|[[Anambra North Senatorial District|N]]: [[Tony Nwoye]] ([[Labour Party (Nigeria)|LP]])}} | leader_title3 = Constitutional Monarchy | leader_name3 = [[HRH]], [[Alfred Achebe]]. Obi Of Onitsha | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] | blank1_name = | blank1_info = | name = | anthem = "[[With all our hearts, We Pray and ask]]"<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|}}</div> | image_alt = | Government = | Image Skyline1 = | Image of Skyline = | leader_party = [[All Progressives Grand Alliance|APGA]] |blank_name_sec1= National language |blank_info_sec1= [[Igbo language|Igbo]] }} '''Onitsha''' ({{Langx|ig|Ọ̀nị̀chà Mmílí}}<ref name=":1">{{cite book |title=Njepu amaka--migration is rewarding: a sociocultural anthropological study of global economic migration |first=Eloka Chijioke Paul Nwolisa |last=Okanga |page=63 |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2003 |isbn=0-8204-6090-7}}</ref> or simply ''Ọ̀nị̀chà'') is a city on the eastern bank of the [[Niger River]], in [[Anambra State]], [[Nigeria]]. Onitsha along with various cities and towns in southern Anambra State, northern [[Imo State]] and neighboring [[Delta State]] on the western bank of the [[Niger River]], form a continuous [[metropolitan area]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-11 |title=Onitsha {{!}} Nigeria, Map, & History {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Onitsha-Nigeria |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ajemates.org/index.php/ajemates/article/download/278/247 |access-date=2023-11-08|title=Onitsha, Anambra state urbanization and the housing challenges |website=www.ajemates.org}}</ref> As of 2016, the greater Onitsha area had an estimated population of around 8 million people in central and southern Anambra state extending into neighboring Delta state to the west and Imo state to the south.<ref name="Africapolis">{{Cite web |title= Africapolis |url=https://africapolis.org/en/explore?agglomeration=Onitsha&country=Nigeria&poprange=1,2,3,4,5,6&year=2020 |access-date=2024-02-23}}</ref> Spread across parts of these 3 states, the greater Onitsha area is regarded as one of the largest metropolitan areas in Nigeria by both population and landmass.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reimagining economic growth in Africa |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/mckinsey%20global%20institute/our%20research/reimagining%20economic%20growth%20in%20africa%20turning%20diversity%20into%20opportunity/reimagining-economic-growth-in-africa-v6.pdf|website=www.mckinsey.com}}</ref> The continuous urban sprawl or [[conurbation]] of greater Onitsha spreads across several separate cities and their satellite towns and suburbs including [[Asaba]], [[Obosi]], [[Ogbaru]], [[Nnewi]], the Anambra State capital [[Awka]] down to [[Orlu, Imo|Orlu]] in Imo State.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reimagining economic growth in Africa |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/mckinsey%20global%20institute/our%20research/reimagining%20economic%20growth%20in%20africa%20turning%20diversity%20into%20opportunity/reimagining-economic-growth-in-africa-v6.pdf|website=www.mckinsey.com}}</ref> As of early 2024, Onitsha [[city proper]] has an estimated population of 1,695,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Onitsha, Nigeria Metro Area Population 1950-2022 |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/22013/onitsha/population |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=www.macrotrends.net}}</ref> The indigenous people of Onitsha are [[Igbo people|Igbo]] and speak the [[Igbo language]] with Onitsha being the largest urban area and commercial hub of the [[Igboland]] region of Nigeria, the Igbo people’s indigenous homeland. The Onitsha people are referred to as Ndi Onicha in Igbo. [[English language|English]] and [[Nigerian Pidgin|Nigerian Pidgin English]] are also widely spoken. Although the population is largely Igbo, there are many other ethnic groups in the Onitsha area mainly from other Nigerian ethnicities indigenous to the southeast of the country due to Onitshas position as an economic hub in the region. According to Africapolis,<ref>{{Cite book |title=OCDE/CSAO (2020), Africa's Urbanisation Dynamics 2020 : Africapolis, Mapping a New Urban Geography, West African Studies, Éditions OCDE, Paris |date=2020 |doi=10.1787/b6bccb81-en |isbn=978-92-64-57958-3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1787/b6bccb81-en |access-date=2024-02-23}}</ref><ref name="Africapolis">{{Cite web |title= Africapolis |url=https://africapolis.org/en/explore?agglomeration=Onitsha&country=Nigeria&poprange=1,2,3,4,5,6&year=2020 |access-date=2024-02-23}}</ref> the greater Onitsha metropolis will be regarded as one of the most densely populated areas in the world by 2050. In 2023, [[McKinsey]] predicted that the greater Onitsha metropolis area will double in human development by 2045 with the current expansion rate.<ref name=":1" />
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