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Open theism
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{{Short description|Christian theological movement}} {{original research|date=August 2013}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2020}} {{Historical Christian theology}} '''Open theism''', also known as '''openness theology''',<ref>G. L. Bray, βOpen Theism/Openness Theology,β in ''New Dictionary of Theology: Historical and Systematic'', ed. Martin Davie et al. (London; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press; InterVarsity Press, 2016), 632.</ref> is a [[Christian theology|theological]] movement that has developed within [[Christianity]] as a rejection of the synthesis of [[Greek philosophy]] and Christian theology.<ref>Clark H. Pinnock;Richard Rice;John Sanders;William Hasker;David Basinger. The Openness of God: A Biblical Challenge to the Traditional Understanding of God (Kindle Locations 1164-1165). Kindle Edition. Location 1162</ref> It is a version of free will theism<ref>Pinnock, Clark H. βOpen Theism: What Is This? A New Teaching? and with Authority! (MK 1:27).β Ashland Theological Journal 2002, Vol. 34, pp: 39β53. ISSN: 1044β6494</ref> and arises out of the free will theistic tradition of the church, which goes back to the early [[Church Fathers]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://repository.westernsem.edu/pkp/index.php/rr/article/view/1586|title=An introduction to open theism|first=John|last=Sanders|date=July 30, 2007|journal=Reformed Review|volume=60|issue=2|accessdate=August 13, 2021}}</ref> Open theism is typically advanced as a biblically motivated and logically consistent theology of human and divine freedom (in the [[libertarianism (metaphysics)|libertarian]] sense), with an emphasis on what this means for the content of God's foreknowledge and exercise of God's power.<ref name="reknew.org">{{cite web |url=http://reknew.org/2007/12/response-to-critics/ |title=A brief outline and defense of the open view |website=ReKnew|date=December 30, 2007 }}</ref> Open theist theologian [[Thomas Jay Oord]] identifies four paths to open and relational theology:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thomasjayoord.com/index.php/blog/archives/theological_traditions_as_paths_to_open_and_relational_theologies |title=Paths to open and relational theologies |date=May 13, 2014 |website=thomasjayoord.com |series=For the Love of Wisdom and the Wisdom of Love |access-date=March 7, 2020}}</ref> # following the biblical witness, # following themes in some Christian theological traditions, # following the philosophy of free will, and # following the path of reconciling faith and science. [[Roger E. Olson]] said that open theism triggered the "most significant controversy about the doctrine of God in evangelical thought" in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.<ref>{{cite book |first=Roger E. |last=Olson |title=The Westminster Handbook to Evangelical Theology |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |year=2004 |page=190}}</ref>
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