Editing Openness (section)

{{Short description|Philosophical concept emphasising transparency and collaboration}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2014}}

'''Openness''' is an overarching concept that is characterized by an emphasis on [[transparency (behavior)|transparency]] and [[decentralized decision-making|collaboration]].<ref name=Peters>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Peters|first=Michael|title=The Idea of Openness: Open Education and Education for Openness|url=http://eepat.net/doku.php?id=open_education_and_education_for_openness|encyclopedia=The Encyclopaedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory|access-date=1 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140501132743/http://eepat.net/doku.php?id=open_education_and_education_for_openness|archive-date=1 May 2014}}</ref><ref name=Schlagwein>{{cite journal|last1=Schlagwein|first1=Daniel|last2=Conboy|first2=Kieran|last3=Feller|first3=Joseph|last4=Leimeister|first4=Jan Marco|last5=Morgan|first5=Lorraine|date=2017|title=Openness With and Without Information Technology: A Framework and a Brief History|journal=Journal of Information Technology|volume=32|issue=4|pages=297–305|doi=10.1057/s41265-017-0049-3|doi-access=free|hdl=10379/13819|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chuang |first1=Tyng-Ruey |last2=Fan |first2=Rebecca C. |last3=Ho |first3=Ming-Syuan |last4=Tyagi |first4=Kalpana |title=Openness |journal=[[Internet Policy Review]] |date=2022 |volume=11 |issue=1 |doi=10.14763/2022.1.1643 |doi-access=free}}</ref> That is, openness refers to "accessibility of knowledge, technology and other resources; the transparency of action; the permeability of organisational structures; and the inclusiveness of participation".<ref name=Schlagwein /> Openness can be said to be the opposite of closedness,<ref name=Schlagwein /> central [[authority]] and [[secrecy]].<ref name=Peters />