Editing Operation Enduring Freedom (section)

	
{{Short description|Official name for the US's war on terror}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Lead too short|date=September 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2024}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Operation Enduring Freedom
| partof            = the [[war on terror]] and [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]]
| image             = U.S. Soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division during Operation Enduring Freedom.jpg
| caption           = U.S. soldiers of the Army's 10th Mountain Division deployed during Operation Enduring Freedom 2009
| date              = 7 October 2001 – 28 December 2014 (in Afghanistan)<ref name="CRS">{{Cite book|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS21405.pdf|title=U.S. Periods of War and Dates of Recent Conflicts|last=Torreon|first=Barbara Salazar|publisher=Congressional Research Service|year=2017|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=7|access-date=3 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328222039/http://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS21405.pdf|archive-date=28 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/terrorism/operation-enduring-freedom.html|title=Operation Enduring Freedom|website=Naval History and Heritage Command, United States Navy|access-date=2018-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115230322/https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/terrorism/operation-enduring-freedom.html|archive-date=15 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=10|day1=07|year1=2001|year2=2014|month2=12|day2=28}})
| result            = 
| place             = [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], [[Philippines]], [[Somalia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Sahara Desert]]
| combatant1        = [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|In Afghanistan]]: (completed)
* {{flag|NATO}}
** {{flagicon image |Flag of the International Security Assistance Force.svg}} [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]]
*{{flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mod.gov.al/arkiv/eng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=899:afganistan&catid=103&Itemid=667|title=Afghanistan, ISAF Operations led by NATO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620002228/http://www.mod.gov.al/arkiv/eng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=899:afganistan&catid=103&Itemid=667|archive-date=20 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Finland}}
* {{flag|Denmark}}
* {{flag|United States}}
* {{flag|United Kingdom}}
* {{flag|France}}
* {{flag|Australia}}
* {{flag|Canada}}
* {{flag|Germany}}
* {{flag|Belgium}}
* {{flag|Norway}}
* {{flag|Italy}}
* {{flag|Georgia}}
* {{flag|Spain}}
* {{flag|Portugal}}
* {{flag|Poland}}
* {{flag|Armenia}}
* {{flag|Azerbaijan}}
* {{flag|Sweden}}
* {{flag|Czech Republic}}
* {{flag|New Zealand}}
* {{flag|Netherlands}}
* {{flag|Ukraine}}
* {{flag|Turkey}}
* {{flag|Uzbekistan}}
* {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
* Former:
** {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Afghanistan|1992}} [[Northern Alliance]]}}
[[Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines|In the Philippines]]: (completed)
* {{flag|Philippines}}
* {{flag|United States}}
* {{flag|Australia}}<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.philippines.embassy.gov.au/mnla/medrel110506.html |title=Philippines |publisher=Embassy |place=Australia |access-date=7 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102175048/http://www.philippines.embassy.gov.au/mnla/medrel110506.html |archive-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}.</ref>
* {{flag|Indonesia}}
[[Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa|In Somalia/Horn of Africa]]:
* {{flag|NATO}}
* {{flag|European Union}}
* {{flag|SADC}}
* {{flag|Australia}}
* {{flag|Azerbaijan}}
* {{flag|Belarus}}
* {{flag|Canada}}
* {{flag|Djibouti}}
* {{flag|Ethiopia}}
* {{flag|France}}
* {{flag|Georgia}}
* {{flag|Germany}}
* {{flag|Greece}}
* {{flag|India}}
* {{flag|Indonesia}}
* {{flag|Italy}}
* {{flag|Japan}}
* {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
* {{flag|Kenya}}
* {{flag|South Korea}}
* {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
* {{flag|Malaysia}}
* {{flag|New Zealand}}
* {{flag|Norway}}
* {{flag|Pakistan}}
* {{flag|Russia}}
* {{flag|Seychelles}}
* {{flag|Singapore}}
* {{flag|South Africa}}
* {{flag|Somalia}}
* {{flag|Spain}}
* {{flag|Tajikistan}}
* {{flag|Thailand}}
* {{flag|Turkey}}
* {{flag|Turkmenistan}}
* {{flag|Uganda}}
* {{flag|Ukraine}}
* {{flag|Uzbekistan}}
* {{flag|United Kingdom}}
* {{flag|United States}}
[[Georgia Train and Equip Program|In Georgia]]: (completed)
* {{flag|Georgia|size=23px}}
* {{flag|United States|1960|size=23px}}
[[Transit Center at Manas|In Kyrgyzstan]]: (completed)
* {{flag|South Korea}}
* {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
* {{flag|Russia}}
* {{flag|United States|1960|size=23px}}
[[Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom|Other nations]]
| combatant2        = {{flagicon|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan}} In Afghanistan:
* {{flag|Taliban}}
* {{flag|al-Qaeda}}
{{flagicon|Philippines}} In the Philippines:
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Abu Sayyaf]] (from 2001)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Jemaah Islamiyah]] (until 2024)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.svg}} [[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]] (until 2012)
{{flagicon|Somalia}} In Somalia:
* {{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]] (from 2006)
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Hizbul Islam]] (until 2014)
In Sahara:
* {{flagicon image|AQMI Flag.svg}} [[Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb]]
* {{flagicon image|AQMI Flag.svg}} [[Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin]]
| commander1        = {{Flagicon|United States|1960|size=23px}} CIC [[George W Bush]] (2001–2009)<br />
{{Flagicon|United States|1960|size=23px}} CIC [[Barack Obama]] (2009–2014)<br /> {{Flagicon|United States|1960|size=23px}} GEN [[Tommy Franks]] (2001–2003)<br />{{flagicon|United States|1960|size=23px}} GEN [[John Abizaid]] (2003–2007)<br />{{flagicon|United States|1960|size=23px}} ADM [[William J. Fallon]] (2007–2008)<br />{{flagicon|United States|1960|size=23px}} GEN [[Martin Dempsey]] (2008–2015)<br />{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[MRAF]] Sir [[Graham Stirrup]] (2003–2011)<br />{{Flagicon|United States|1960|size=23px}} GEN [[David Petraeus]] (2008–2010)
| commander2        = {{flagicon|Afghanistan|Taliban}} [[Mullah Omar|Mohammad Omar]] [[Death by natural causes|#]]<br />{{Flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|size=23px}} [[Osama bin Laden]]{{KIA|Killing of Osama bin Laden}}<br />{{Flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|size=23px}} [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]]{{KIA|Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri}}<br />{{Flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg|size=23px}} [[Khadaffy Janjalani]]{{KIA}}<br />{{Flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg|size=23px}} [[Riduan Isamuddin]]{{POW}}
| strength1         = 
| strength2         = 
| casualties1       = {{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} 45,000+ killed<br />{{flagicon|United States}} 2,380 killed by January 2016<ref name=iCasualties>{{cite web |url=http://www.icasualties.org/OEF/index.aspx |title=Operation Enduring Freedom, Afghanistan |publisher=[[ICasualties.org]] |access-date=29 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126055652/http://www.icasualties.org/OEF/index.aspx |archive-date=26 January 2016}}</ref><br />{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} 456 killed<ref name=iCasualties/><br />{{flagicon|France}} 301 killed<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/21/world/europe/sarkozy-weighs-afghan-withdrawal-after-4-french-troops-killed.html?pagewanted=all|title=France Weighs Pullout After 4 of Its Soldiers Are Killed, 301 Killed In Total Since War|author1=Steven Erlanger|author2=Alissa J. Rubin|date=20 January 2015|accessdate=26 February 2016|newspaper=New York Times}}</ref><br />{{flagicon|Canada}} 158 killed<ref name=iCasualties/><br />
{{flagicon|Germany}} 54 killed<ref name=iCasualties/><br />{{flagicon|Italy}} 53 killed<ref name=iCasualties/><br />{{flagicon|Denmark}} 43 killed<ref name=iCasualties/><br />{{flagicon|Australia}} 41 killed<ref name=iCasualties/><br />{{flagicon|Poland}} 40 killed<ref name=iCasualties/><br />{{flagicon|Spain}} 34 killed<ref name=iCasualties/><br />{{flagicon|Georgia}} 32 killed<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=30328 |title=Civil.Ge &#124; Georgian Soldier Killed in Afghanistan |access-date=8 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214172845/http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=30328 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />Others 200+ killed<ref name=iCasualties/>
| casualties2       = {{flagicon|Afghanistan}} In Afghanistan:
* 72,000+ killed<ref name="the Washington post">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/12/07/president-obama-likes-to-brag-about-the-terrorists-he-has-taken-out-how-many-is-that-exactly/|title=How many terrorists has President Obama actually 'taken out'? Probably over 30,000.|newspaper=the Washington post|date=7 December 2015|access-date=10 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307174957/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/12/07/president-obama-likes-to-brag-about-the-terrorists-he-has-taken-out-how-many-is-that-exactly/|archive-date=7 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{flagicon|Philippines}} In the Philippines:
* 328+<ref>300 killed (2002–2007)[http://mikeinmanila.wordpress.com/2007/01/20/abu-sayyaf-leader-janjalani-dead-us-military-releases-dna-test-on-corpse/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307044243/https://mikeinmanila.wordpress.com/2007/01/20/abu-sayyaf-leader-janjalani-dead-us-military-releases-dna-test-on-corpse/ |date=7 March 2016 }} 15 killed (February 2012)[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/NB29Ae01.html] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120229023655/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/NB29Ae01.html |date=29 February 2012 }}</ref>
{{flagicon|Somalia}} In Somalia:
* 260 to 365 killed<ref>[https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drones/drones-graphs/ "The Bureau of Investigative Journalism"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608135616/https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drones/drones-graphs/ |date=8 June 2015 }}, Somalia Datasheet. Retrieved 4 February 2016.</ref><ref>Cooper, Helene. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/08/world/africa/us-airstrikes-somalia.html?_r=0 "US Strikes Kill 150 Shabab fighters in Somalia, officials say". Washington Post. 7 March 2016. "American warplanes on Saturday struck a training camp in Somalia belonging to the Islamist militant group the Shabab, the Pentagon said, killing about 150 fighters who United States officials said were preparing an attack against American troops and their regional allies in East Africa."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217224149/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/08/world/africa/us-airstrikes-somalia.html|date=17 February 2017 }}</ref>
| campaign          = Operation Enduring Freedom
}}

{{Campaignbox OEF}}

'''Operation Enduring Freedom''' ('''OEF''') was the official name used by the [[U.S. government]] for both the first stage (2001–2014) of the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]] and the larger-scale [[Global War on Terrorism]]. On 7 October 2001, in response to the [[September 11 attacks]], [[President of the United States|President]] [[George W. Bush]] announced that airstrikes against [[Al-Qaeda]] and the [[Taliban]] had begun in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=CNN|title=Operation Enduring Freedom Fast Facts|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/28/world/operation-enduring-freedom-fast-facts/index.html|access-date=17 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822023919/http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/28/world/operation-enduring-freedom-fast-facts/index.html|archive-date=22 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Beyond the military actions in Afghanistan, Operation Enduring Freedom was also affiliated with [[counterterrorism]] operations in other countries, such as [[Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines|OEF-Philippines]] and [[Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara|OEF-Trans Sahara]].<ref name=HELPING-GEORGIA>{{cite web |title=Helping Georgia? |url=http://www.bu.edu/iscip/vol12/areshidze.html |publisher=Boston University Institute for the Study of Conflict, Ideology and Policy |date=March–April 2002 |access-date=14 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907200921/http://www.bu.edu/iscip/vol12/areshidze.html |archive-date=7 September 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Lamothe>{{cite news|last1=Lamothe|first1=Dan|title=Meet Operation Freedom's Sentinel, the Pentagon's new mission in Afghanistan|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/12/29/meet-operation-freedoms-sentinel-the-pentagons-new-mission-in-afghanistan/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=17 August 2017|date=29 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020025630/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/12/29/meet-operation-freedoms-sentinel-the-pentagons-new-mission-in-afghanistan/|archive-date=20 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

After 13 years, on 28 December 2014, [[President Barack Obama]] announced the end of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news|author1=DOD News, Defense Media Activity|title=Operation Enduring Freedom comes to an end|url=https://www.army.mil/article/140565/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_comes_to_an_end/|access-date=17 August 2017|work=U.S. Army|date=29 December 2014|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818013803/https://www.army.mil/article/140565/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_comes_to_an_end/|archive-date=18 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequent operations in Afghanistan by the United States' military forces, both non-combat and combat, occurred under the name [[Operation Freedom's Sentinel]].<ref name="Tilghman">{{cite news |last=Tilghman |first=Andrew |date=19 February 2015 |title=Despite war's end, Pentagon extends Afghanistan campaign medal |url=http://www.militarytimes.com/story/military/pentagon/2015/02/19/afghanistan-campaign-medal-extended-pentagon/23674869/ |newspaper=MilitaryTimes  |access-date=28 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221133600/http://www.militarytimes.com/story/military/pentagon/2015/02/19/afghanistan-campaign-medal-extended-pentagon/23674869/ |archive-date=21 February 2015 |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite news |last=Sisk |first=Richard |date=29 December 2014 |title=Amid Confusion, DoD Names New Mission 'Operation Freedom's Sentinel' |url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/12/29/amid-confusion-dod-names-new-mission-operation-freedoms.html |newspaper=Military.com |access-date=28 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228145121/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/12/29/amid-confusion-dod-names-new-mission-operation-freedoms.html |archive-date=28 February 2015 |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite news |last1=Rosenberg |first1=Matthew |last2=Scmitt |first2=Eric |last3=Mazzetti |first3=Mark |date=12 February 2015 |title=U.S. Is Escalating a Secretive War in Afghanistan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/13/world/asia/data-from-seized-computer-fuels-a-surge-in-us-raids-on-al-qaeda.html |newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=28 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217052854/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/13/world/asia/data-from-seized-computer-fuels-a-surge-in-us-raids-on-al-qaeda.html |archive-date=17 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><!--It was also the name of a number of smaller military actions, under the umbrella of the Global "[[War on Terror]]" (GWOT), some of which remain ongoing.-->