Editing Other Backward Class (section)

{{Short description|Term for socially or educationally disadvantaged group of people in India}}
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The '''Other Backward Class''' ('''OBC''') is a collective term used by the [[Government of India]] to classify [[caste|communities]] that are "educationally or socially backward" (i.e., disadvantaged). It is one of several official classifications of the population of India, along with [[Forward caste|general castes]], [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] (SCs and STs). The OBCs were found to comprise 52% of the country's population by the [[Mandal Commission]] report of 1980 and were determined to be 41% in 2006 when the [[National Sample Survey Organisation]] took place.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBCs-form-41-of-population-Survey/articleshow/2328117.cms|title=OBCs form 41% of population: Survey |website=The Times of India|date=September 2007 |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBc-count-52-or-41/articleshow/263918.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203020047/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-11-01/india/27792478_1_obc-count-obc-numbers-nsso | url-status=live | archive-date=2013-12-03 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=OBc count: 52 or 41%?}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2006/nov/01quota.htm|title=OBCs make up 41% of population: Survey|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> There is substantial debate over the exact number of OBCs in India; it is generally estimated to be sizable, but many believe that it is higher than the figures quoted by either the Mandal Commission or the National Sample Survey.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070526112503/http://in.news.yahoo.com/060524/43/64i2a.html What is India's population of other backward classes?],''Yahoo News''.</ref>

In the [[Indian Constitution]], OBCs are described as socially and educationally backward classes (SEBC), and the Government of India is enjoined to ensure their social and educational development&nbsp;—&nbsp;for example, the OBCs are entitled to 27% reservations in [[public sector]] employment and higher education. The list of OBCs maintained by the Indian [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]] is dynamic, with castes and communities being added or removed depending on social, educational, and economic factors. In a reply to a question in [[Lok Sabha]], Union Minister [[Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)|Jitendra Singh]] informed that as of January 2016, the percentage of OBCs in central government services is 21.57% and has shown an increasing trend since September 1993.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|author=Baral, Maitree|date=17 July 2019|url=https://www.ndtv.com/jobs/representation-of-reserved-categories-in-government-services-2071143|title=Representation of reserved categories in central govt jobs}}</ref> Likewise, in 2015, at educational institutions, funds meant for OBC students under the reservation policy were not used properly or were underused in cases of upgrading infrastructure as well as in violation of faculty recruitment of OBCs according to the 49% reservation policy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/funds-not-used-fully-in-educational-institutions-for-obc-reservation/articleshow/50300703.cms?from=mdr|title=Funds not used fully in educational institutions for OBC reservation|date=23 December 2015|access-date=4 March 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

Until 1985, the affairs of the Backward Classes were looked after by the Backward Classes Cell in the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]. A separate Ministry of Welfare was established in 1985 (renamed in 1998 the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment) to attend to matters relating to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and OBCs.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://socialjustice.nic.in/breif.php|title=About Us - Brief History |publisher=Socialjustice.nic.in|access-date=2012-09-21}}</ref> The Backward Classes Division of the Ministry looks after the policy, planning, and implementation of programmes relating to social and economic empowerment of OBCs, and matters relating to two institutions set up for the welfare of OBCs, the [[National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation]] and the [[National Commission for Backward Classes]].