Editing Outline of discrete mathematics (section)

<!--... Attention:  THIS IS AN OUTLINE

        part of the set of 830+ outlines listed at
             [[Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines]].

                 Wikipedia outlines are
              a special type of list article.
              They make up one of Wikipedia's
                content navigation systems

             See [[Wikipedia: Outlines]] and 
    [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Outlines]] for more details.
-->
{{Short description|1=Overview of and topical guide to discrete mathematics}}
'''[[Discrete mathematics]]''' is the study of [[Mathematics|mathematical]] [[Mathematical structure|structures]] that are fundamentally [[discrete space|discrete]] rather than [[Continuous function|continuous]].  In contrast to [[real number]]s that have the property of varying "smoothly", the objects studied in discrete mathematics – such as [[integer]]s,  [[Graph (discrete mathematics)|graphs]], and statements in [[Mathematical logic|logic]]<ref>[[Richard Johnsonbaugh]], ''Discrete Mathematics'', Prentice Hall, 2008; James Franklin, [http://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm/vol7/iss2/18/ Discrete and continuous: a fundamental dichotomy in mathematics], ''Journal of Humanistic Mathematics'' 7 (2017), 355-378.</ref> – do not vary smoothly in this way, but have distinct, separated values.<ref>{{MathWorld |title=Discrete mathematics |urlname=DiscreteMathematics}}</ref> Discrete mathematics, therefore, excludes topics in "continuous mathematics" such as [[calculus]] and [[Mathematical analysis|analysis]].

Included below are many of the standard terms used routinely in university-level courses and in research papers. This is not, however, intended as a complete list of mathematical terms; just a selection of typical ''[[term of art|terms of art]]'' that may be encountered.

* {{annotated link|Logic}}
* {{annotated link|Modal logic}}
* {{annotated link|Set theory}}
* {{annotated link|Number theory}}
* {{annotated link|Combinatorics}}
* {{annotated link|Finite mathematics}}
* {{annotated link|Graph theory}}
* {{annotated link|Digital geometry}}
* {{annotated link|Digital topology}}
* {{annotated link|Algorithmics}}
* {{annotated link|Information theory}}
* {{annotated link|Computability}} 
* {{annotated link|Computational complexity theory}}
* {{annotated link|Probability theory}}
* {{annotated link|Probability}}
* {{annotated link|Markov chain|Markov chains}}
* {{annotated link|Linear algebra}}
* {{annotated link|Function (mathematics)|Functions}}
* {{annotated link|Partially ordered set}}
* {{annotated link|Mathematical proof|Proofs}}
* {{annotated link|Relation (mathematics)|Relation}}