Editing PERQ (section)

{{Short description|First commercially produced personal workstation with a Graphical User Interface}}
{{distinguish|PERC (disambiguation){{!}}PERC}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:ICL PERQ 1 workstation Edinburgh University.jpg|thumb|Two ICL PERQ 1 workstations]]

The '''PERQ''', also referred to as the '''Three Rivers PERQ''' or '''ICL PERQ''', is a pioneering [[workstation]] [[computer]] produced in the late 1970s through the early 1980s. It is the first commercially-produced personal workstation with a [[graphical user interface]] (GUI). The design of the PERQ was heavily influenced by the original workstation computer, the [[Xerox Alto]], which was never commercially produced. The workstation was conceived by six former [[Carnegie Mellon University]] [[alumnus|alumni]] and employees: Brian S. Rosen, James R. Teter, William H. Broadley, J. Stanley Kriz, [[Raj Reddy]] and Paul G. Newbury, who formed the startup [[Three Rivers Computer Corporation]] (3RCC) in 1974.

The name "PERQ" was chosen both as an acronym of "[[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]] Engine that Runs Quicker," and to evoke the word ''[[employee benefits|perquisite]]'' commonly called a ''perk'', that is an additional employee benefit.<ref>[http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acd/sus/perq_history/part_1/c3.htm PERQ History: Part I: 3. Early Days]. [http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/ Chilton Computing], UK.</ref>

In June 1979, the company took its very first order from the UK's Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and the computer was officially launched in August 1979 at [[SIGGRAPH]] in Chicago.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acd/sus/perq_papers/perq_external/p001.htm|title=PERQ and Advanced Raster Graphics Workstations|last=|first=|date=September 1982|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> 3RCC later entered into a relationship with the British computer company [[International Computers Limited]] (ICL) in 1981 for European distribution, and later co-development and manufacturing,<ref>[http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acd/sus/perq_history/part_3/c16.htm PERQ History: Part III: 16. Decision Time], Chilton Computing, UK.</ref> as a result of interest from the [[United Kingdom|UK]] [[Science and Engineering Research Council|Science Research Council]] (later, the Science and Engineering Research Council).

The PERQ was used in a number of academic research projects in the UK during the 1980s. 3RCC was renamed PERQ System Corporation in 1984. It went out of business in 1986, largely due to competition from other workstation manufacturers such as [[Sun Microsystems]], [[Apollo Computer]] and [[Silicon Graphics]].

Brian Rosen, one of the founders of 3RCC, also worked at [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]] on the [[Xerox Dolphin|Dolphin]] workstation.