Editing PIDE (section)

{{Short description|1933–1969 Portuguese secret police force}}
{{refimprove|date=July 2010}}
{{Infobox Government agency
|agency_name   = International and State Defense Police
|nativename    = Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado
|nativename_a  =
|nativename_r  =
|logo          = 
|logo_width    =
|logo_caption  =
|seal          =
|seal_width    =
|seal_caption  =
|picture       =
|picture_width =
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|formed        = 22 October 1933
|preceding1    = [[State Surveillance and Defense Police|Polícia de Vigilância e de Defesa do Estado]]
|dissolved     = 24 November 1969
|superseding   = [[General Directorate of Security (Portugal)|Direcção-Geral de Segurança]]
|jurisdiction  = [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]]
|headquarters  = [[Lisbon]]
|coordinates   = 
|employees     =
|budget        =
|agency_type   = [[Secret police]]
|parent_agency = [[Ministry of Internal Administration (Portugal)|Ministry of the Interior]]
|child1_agency =
|child2_agency =
|keydocument1=
|website       =
|footnotes     =
}}
The '''International and State Defense Police''' ({{langx|pt|Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado}}; '''PIDE''') was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[security agency]] that existed during the ''[[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]]'' regime of [[António de Oliveira Salazar]]. Formally, the main roles of the PIDE were the [[border control|border, immigration and emigration control]] and internal and external state security. Over time, it came to be known for its [[secret police]] activities.

The agency that would later become the PIDE was established by the Decree-Law 22992 of August 1933, as the '''[[State Surveillance and Defense Police]]''' (Polícia de Vigilância e Defesa do Estado) or '''PVDE'''. It resulted from the merger of two former agencies, the Portuguese International Police and the Political and Social Defense Police. 

PVDE was founded by Captain [[Agostinho Lourenço]], who in 1956 would become the president of [[Interpol]].

The PVDE was transformed into the PIDE in 1945. PIDE was itself transformed into the '''Directorate-General of Security''' or '''DGS''' in 1968. After the 25 April 1974 [[Carnation Revolution]], DGS was disbanded in Portugal, but continued to exist transitionally in the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese overseas territories]] as the '''Military Information Police''' or '''PIM''', being finally completely disbanded in 1975.

Although the acronym PIDE was only formally used from 1945 to 1969, the set of successive secret polices that existed during the 40 years of the ''Estado Novo'' regime are commonly referred to as the PIDE. Historically, this set of police agencies is also often referred as '''PIDE/DGS''', from the acronyms of its two last designations. It is referred to in this last way in article 292 of the [https://www.parlamento.pt/Legislacao/Paginas/ConstituicaoRepublicaPortuguesa.aspx#art292 Portuguese Constitution], which states its criminalization and judgment of its former officers.

During its existence, the organization was known for its actions during the [[Spanish Civil War]], its role as a [[secret police|political police]], its [[counter-espionage]] activities during [[World War II]] and its [[counter-insurgency]] operations in the [[Portuguese Colonial War]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130804025021/http://worldwithouttorture.org/tag/pide/ 25 de Abril Always]}}, worldwithouttorture.org, retrieved 21 September 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.photius.com/countries/portugal/national_security/portugal_national_security_intelligence_service~1142.html Portugal Intelligence Services], photius.com, retrieved 21 September 2015</ref>