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Pannotia
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{{short description|Hypothesized Neoproterozoic supercontinent}} [[File:Panotiaggg.jpg|thumb|Pannotia was centred on the South Pole, hence its name.]] '''Pannotia''' (from Greek: ''[[wikt:pan-|pan-]]'', "all", ''[[wikt:νότος|-nótos]]'', "south"; meaning "all southern land"), also known as the '''Vendian supercontinent''', '''Greater Gondwana''', and the '''Pan-African supercontinent''', was a relatively short-lived [[Neoproterozoic]] [[supercontinent]] that formed at the end of the [[Precambrian]] during the [[Pan-African orogeny]] (650–500 [[Megaannum|Ma]]), during the [[Cryogenian]] period and broke apart 560 Ma with the opening of the [[Iapetus Ocean]], in the late [[Ediacaran]] and early [[Cambrian]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Scotese|2009|loc=Reconstruction of Rodinia and Pannotia, p. 68}}</ref> Pannotia formed when [[Laurentia]] was located adjacent to the two major South American [[craton]]s, [[Amazonian craton|Amazonia]] and [[Río de la Plata craton|Río de la Plata]]. The opening of the [[Iapetus Ocean]] separated Laurentia from [[Baltica]], Amazonia, and Río de la Plata.<ref>{{Harvnb|Unrug|1997|loc=pp. 3–4, Fig. 3}}</ref> A 2022 paper argues that Pannotia never fully existed, reinterpreting the [[geochronology|geochronological]] evidence: "the supposed landmass had begun to break up well before it was fully assembled".<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Pannotia: To be or not to be? |journal=[[Earth-Science Reviews]] |last1=Nance |first1=R. Damian |volume=232 |last2=Evans |first2=David A.D. |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104128 |year=2022 |last3=Murphy |first3=J. Brendan|page=104128 |bibcode=2022ESRv..23204128N }}</ref> However, the assembly of the next supercontinent [[Pangaea]] is well established.
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