Editing Paraphilia (section)

{{short description|Atypical sexual attraction}}
{{not to be confused with|Paraphernalia}}
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox gender and sexual identity
 | title = Paraphilia
 | coined_by = [[Friedrich Salomon Krauss]]
 | image = Martin van Maele - La Comtesse au fouet 01.jpg|caption=[[Podophilia]] (foot fetishism), a paraphilia<ref>{{cite journal |last=Allely |first=Clare Sarah |date=2020-01-30  |title=Autism spectrum disorder, bestiality and zoophilia: a systematic PRISMA review |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JIDOB-06-2019-0012/full/html|journal=Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=75–91 |doi=10.1108/JIDOB-06-2019-0012 |issn=2050-8824}}</ref>
 | etymology = παρά (''para''; other) + φιλία (''philia''; loving)
 | synonyms =
* [[Perversion#Sexual usages|Sexual perversion]] (1880s–1920)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118896877 |title=The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality |date=2015-04-10 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-4051-9006-0 |editor-last=Bolin |editor-first=Anne|edition=1|language=en|doi=10.1002/9781118896877.wbiehs344 |editor-last2=Whelehan |editor-first2=Patricia|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* Sexual deviation (1952–1980; [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM]] and [[ICD]])
 | associated_terms = Normophilia (antonym)
 | definition = Atypical sexual interest
}}
A '''paraphilia''' is an experience of recurring or intense [[sexual arousal]] to atypical objects, places, situations, fantasies, behaviors, or individuals.<ref name="DSM-5, intro">{{cite book|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|edition=Fifth|chapter=Paraphilic Disorders|year=2013|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Publishing]]|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|pages=685–686}}</ref><ref name="DSMTR">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis00amer_0|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (Text Revision)|title-link=|date=2000|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Publishing]]|isbn=978-0-89042-024-9|volume=1|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3SQrtpnHb9MC&pg=PA566 566–76]|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349|url-access=registration}}</ref> It has also been defined as a sexual interest in anything other than a legally consenting human partner.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vandiver|first1=Donna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lW2uDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT50|title=Sex Crimes and Sex Offenders: Research and Realities|last2=Braithwaite|first2=Jeremy|date=8 December 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-38524-0|accessdate=2022-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Worthen|first1=Meredith G. F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QSE-EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA333|title=Sexual Deviance and Society: A Sociological Examination|date=2021-09-30|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-000-42106-4|accessdate=2022-10-08}}</ref> Paraphilias are contrasted with normophilic ("normal") sexual interests,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Joyal |first=Christian C. |date=2018-10-01 |title=Controversies in the Definition of Paraphilia |url=https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article/15/10/1378/6980379 |journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine |language=en |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=1378–1380 |doi=10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.08.005 |pmid=30219664 |issn=1743-6109|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> although the definition of what makes a sexual interest normal or atypical remains controversial.

The exact number and [[taxonomy]] of paraphilia is under debate; [[Anil Aggrawal]] has listed as many as 549 [[List of paraphilias|types of paraphilias]].<ref>{{Cite book|first=Anil|last=Aggrawal|author-link=Anil Aggrawal|title=Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices|date=2008|pages=369–382|chapter=Appendix 1|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uNkNhPZQprcC&pg=PA369|publisher=[[CRC Press]]|location=Boca Raton, Florida|isbn=978-1-4200-4308-2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118896877 |title=The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality |date=2015-04-10 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-4051-9006-0 |editor-last=Bolin |editor-first=Anne |edition=1 |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781118896877.wbiehs344 |editor-last2=Whelehan |editor-first2=Patricia}}</ref> Several sub-classifications of paraphilia have been proposed; some argue that a fully dimensional, spectrum, or complaint-oriented approach would better reflect the evident diversity of [[human sexuality]].<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Jack D.|last1=Maser|date=2002|title=Spectrum concepts in major mental disorders|journal=Psychiatric Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=4|pages=xi–xiii|first2=Hajop S.|last2=Akiskal|pmid=12462854|doi=10.1016/S0193-953X(02)00034-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Robert F.|last1=Krueger|first2=David|last2=Watson|first3=David H.|last3=Barlow|title=Introduction to the Special Section: Toward a Dimensionally Based Taxonomy of Psychopathology|journal=[[Journal of Abnormal Psychology]]|publisher=[[American Psychological Association]]|location=Washington, DC|volume=114|issue=4|pages=491–3|year=2005|pmid=16351372|pmc=2242426|doi=10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.491|url=http://content.apa.org/journals/abn/114/4}}</ref> Although paraphilias were believed in the 20th century to be rare among the general population, subsequent research has indicated that paraphilic interests are relatively common.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Moser |first1=Charles |last2=Kleinplatz |first2=Peggy J. |date=2020-05-07 |title=Conceptualization, History, and Future of the Paraphilias |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095548 |journal=Annual Review of Clinical Psychology |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=379–399 |doi=10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095548 |pmid=32023092 |issn=1548-5943|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Castellini |first1=Giovanni |last2=Rellini |first2=Alessandra H. |last3=Appignanesi |first3=Cristina |last4=Pinucci |first4=Irene |last5=Fattorini |first5=Matteo |last6=Grano |first6=Elisa |last7=Fisher |first7=Alessandra D. |last8=Cassioli |first8=Emanuele |last9=Lelli |first9=Lorenzo |last10=Maggi |first10=Mario |last11=Ricca |first11=Valdo |date=2018-09-01 |title=Deviance or Normalcy? The Relationship Among Paraphilic Thoughts and Behaviors, Hypersexuality, and Psychopathology in a Sample of University Students |url=https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article/15/9/1322/6980467 |journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine |language=en |volume=15 |issue=9 |pages=1322–1335 |doi=10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.07.015 |pmid=30224020 |issn=1743-6109|url-access=subscription }}</ref>