Editing Parental controls (section)

{{Short description|Software feature allowing content filtering}}
{{About|parental controls in general|the software included with Windows Vista and Windows 7|Windows Parental Controls}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
[[File:TimeKpr.png|TimeKpr, a [[Linux]] app controlling how long the computer can be used per day.|alt=TimeKpr|thumb]]
'''Parental controls''' are features which may be included in [[digital television]] services, [[Video game|computers and video games]], [[mobile devices]] and [[software]] to assist [[parents]] in their ability to restrict certain content viewable by their [[children]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4999/parental-control-software|title=What is Parental Control Software? - Definition from Techopedia|website=Techopedia.com|date=26 September 2012 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> This may be content they deem inappropriate for their age, maturity level or feel is aimed more at an adult audience.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Inappropriate content: protecting your child {{!}} Internet Matters |language=en-GB |work=[[Internet Matters]] |url=https://www.internetmatters.org/issues/inappropriate-content/ |access-date=2017-09-03}}</ref> Parental controls fall into roughly four categories: ''[[Content-control software|content filters]]'', which limit access to [[age appropriate|age inappropriate]] content; ''usage controls'', which constrain the usage of these devices such as placing time-limits on usage or forbidding certain types of usage; ''computer usage management tools'', which enforces the use of certain software; and ''[[System monitoring|monitoring]]'', which can track location and activity when using the devices.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Diana|last1=Baumrind|title=Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior|url=http://persweb.wabash.edu/facstaff/hortonr/articles%20for%20class/baumrind.pdf|publisher=University of California|access-date=7 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130144949/http://persweb.wabash.edu/facstaff/hortonr/articles%20for%20class/baumrind.pdf|archive-date=30 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- (Commenting this out until someone can make it make sense. If that's you, thank you.) Another feature of parental controls is the ability to block rating.{{clarification needed|date=June 2018}} In the United States, its usage is known as [[Parental Advisory]], TV-MA for television, R and NC-17 for [[Motion Picture Association of America|MPAA]], and M and AO for [[Entertainment Software Rating Board|ESRB]]. -->

Content filters were the first popular type of parental controls to limit access to [[Internet]] content. [[Television station]]s also began to introduce [[V-Chip]] technology to limit access to television content. Modern usage controls are able to restrict a range of explicit content such as explicit songs and movies. They are also able to turn devices off during specific times of the day, limiting the volume output of devices, and with [[GPS]] technology becoming affordable, it is now possible to easily locate devices such as mobile phones. UNICEF emphases the responsibility of parents and teachers in this role.<ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/general-comment-no-25-2021-childrens-rights-relation2 General comment no:25 2021. Children's rights] ohchr.org {{Dead url|date=January 2024}}</ref>

The demand for parental control methods that restrict content has increased over the decades due to the rising availability of the Internet. A 2014 ICM survey showed that almost a quarter of people under the age of 12 had been exposed to online pornography.<ref>{{cite web|title=BBC Three survey reveals one in four young people first view porn at age 12 or under|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2014/porn-whats-the-harm|access-date=10 April 2014}}</ref> Restricting especially helps in cases when children are exposed to inappropriate content by accident. Monitoring may be effective for lessening acts of [[cyberbullying]] within the internet.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2016|title=Cyberbullying|url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&sw=w&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CEJ2181500172&it=r&asid=1121b85909784f1a65ba5f614b73391d|journal=Gale Student Resources in Context|via=Gale, Cengage Learning}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Malo-Cerrato|first1=Sara|last2=Martín-Perpiñá|first2=Maria-de-las-Mercedes|last3=Viñas-Poch|first3=Ferran|date=2018-07-01|title=Excessive use of social networks: Psychosocial profile of Spanish adolescents|journal=Comunicar|language=es|volume=26|issue=56|pages=101–110|doi=10.3916/c56-2018-10|issn=1134-3478|doi-access=free|hdl=10256/15553|hdl-access=free}}</ref> It is unclear whether parental controls will affect online harassment in children, as little is known about the role the family plays in protecting children from undesirable experiences online.<ref>Khurana, Atika, et al. "The Protective Effects of Parental Monitoring and Internet Restriction on Adolescents' Risk of Online Harassment." ''Journal of Youth and Adolescence'', vol. 44, no. 5, 2015, pp. 1039-1047.</ref> Psychologically, cyberbullying could be more harmful to the victim than traditional bullying.<ref>Dooley, J., Pyzalski, J., & Cross, D. (2009). Cyberbullying versus face-to-face bullying: A theoretical and conceptual review. Zeitschrift fiir Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 217, 182–188. doi:10.1027/0044-3409.217.4.182.</ref> Studies done in the past have shown that about 75% of adolescents were subjected to cyberbullying.<ref>J. Juvonen, E.F. Gross Extending the school grounds?—Bullying experiences in cyberspace ''Journal of School Health'', 78 (9) (2008), pp. 496-505, 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00335.x</ref><ref>
Close C. Katzer, D. Fetchenhauer, F. Belschak
Cyberbullying: Who are the victims?: A comparison of victimization in internet chatrooms and victimization in school
''Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications'', 21 (1) (2009), pp. 25-36, 10.1027/1864-1105.21.1.25</ref> A lack of parental controls in the household could enable kids to be a part of cyberbullying or be the victim of cyberbullying.<ref>
Close
D.L. Espelage, K. Bosworth, T.R. Simon
Examining the social context of bullying behaviors in early adolescence
Journal of Counseling & Development, 78 (3) (2000), pp. 326-333, 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01914.x</ref><ref>J.S. Hong, D.L. Espelage. A review of research on bullying and peer victimization in school: An ecological system analysis ''Aggression and Violent Behavior'', 17 (4) (2012), pp. 311-322, 10.1016/j.avb.2012.03.003</ref>