Editing Parvati (section)

{{short description|Major goddess in Hinduism}}
{{other uses}}
{{redirect2|Parvati Devi|Urvi|other uses|Parvati Devi (disambiguation)|and|Urvi (film)}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox deity<!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology-->
| type = Hindu
| image = Goddess Parvati and her son Ganesha.jpg
| name = Parvati
| caption = Parvati and her son [[Ganesha]]
| script_name = Devanagari
| script = पार्वती
| Sanskrit_transliteration = Pārvatī
| affiliation = {{hlist|[[Devi]]|[[Shakti]]|[[Mahadevi]]|[[Tridevi]]|[[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Sati]]|[[Durga]]|[[Kali]]|[[Navadurga]]|[[Mahavidyas]]|[[Matrikas]]}}
| siblings = [[Ganga (goddess)|Ganga]] (elder sister)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnfZ_MBErlQC&dq=Ganga+sister+Parvati&pg=PA230 |title=Siva: The Erotic Ascetic |date=28 May 1981 |isbn=978-0-19-972793-3 |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404225101/https://books.google.com/books?id=dnfZ_MBErlQC&dq=Ganga+sister+Parvati&pg=PA230 |url-status=live}}</ref><br>[[Mount Mainak|Mainaka]] (elder brother){{sfn|Wilkins|2001|p=295}}
| birth_place = 
| abode = [[Kailasha]], [[Manidvipa]]
| consort = [[Shiva]]
| parents = [[Himavan]] (father)<br>Maināvati<!-- Mēṉā or Maiṉāvati, both are in use for name of Parvati's mother among different Hindu traditions --> (mother)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p6KumJp_wNgC |title=The Triumph of the Goddess: The Canonical Models and Theological Visions of the Devi-Bhagavata Purana |publisher=SUNY Press |author=C. Mackenzie Brown |year=1990 |isbn=9780791403648 |access-date=20 August 2019 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126144118/https://books.google.com/books?id=p6KumJp_wNgC |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Maina/>
| children = {{unbulleted list|
*[[Kartikeya]] (son){{sfn|Cush|Robinson|York|2008|p=78}}
*[[Ganesha]] (son){{sfn|Williams|1981|p=62}}
}}
| mount = [[Lion]] and [[Tiger]]
| mantra = {{IAST|Sarvamaṅgalamāṅgalye śive sarvārthasādhike Śaraṇye tryambake gauri nārāyaṇi namo'stu te}}
| festivals = {{hlist|[[Navaratri]]|[[Vijayadashami]]|[[Teej]]|[[Bathukamma]]|[[Gauri Habba]]}}
| member_of = [[Tridevi]] and [[Prakṛti|Pancha Prakriti]]
| other_names = <!---Don't add more names. Majority of these are already present as other forms under affiliations. Crowding the infobox. --->{{hlist|Uma|Gauri|Durga|Kali|Aparna|Girija|Haimavati|Ambika|Bhavani}}
| texts = {{hlist|[[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]]|[[Mahabhagavata Purana]]|[[Devi Mahatmya]]|[[Kalika Purana]]|[[Shakta Upanishads]]|[[Tantras (Hinduism)|Tantras]]}}
| region = 
| day = [[Monday]] & [[Friday]]
| Indo-european_equivalent = 
| deity_of = Mother Goddess<ref name=holt180>{{cite book |author=James D. Holt |title=Religious Education in the Secondary School: An Introduction to Teaching, Learning and the World Religions |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1WcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA180 |year=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-69874-6 |page=180}}</ref><br>Goddess of Power, Nourishment, Devotion, Motherhood, Fertility, and Harmony<ref name="David Kinsley 49–50">{{cite book |last=Kinsley |first=David |title=Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition |url=https://archive.org/details/hindugoddessesvi0000kins |url-access=registration |date=19 July 1988 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-90883-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/hindugoddessesvi0000kins/page/49 49]–50 |ref=none}}</ref><br>Supreme Goddess in [[Shaivism]]
}}
{{Saktism}}
'''Parvati''' ({{langx|sa|पार्वती}}<!--Do not remove, WP:INDICSCRIPT doesn't apply to WikiProject Hinduism-->, {{IAST3|Pārvatī}}, IPA: /[[Sanskrit phonology|pɑɾʋət̪iː]]/), also known as '''Uma''' ({{langx|sa|उमा}}, {{IAST3|Umā}}, IPA: [[Sanskrit phonology|/ʊmɑː/]]) and '''Gauri''' ({{langx|sa|गौरी}}, {{IAST3|Gaurī}}, IPA: /[[Sanskrit phonology|gə͡ʊɾiː]]/), is one of the principal goddesses in [[Hinduism]], revered as the [[Devi|goddess]] of power, energy, nourishment, harmony, love, beauty, devotion, and motherhood. Along with [[Lakshmi]] and [[Saraswati|Sarasvati]], she forms the trinity, known as the [[Tridevi]].<ref>Frithjof Schuon (2003), ''Roots of the Human Condition'', {{ISBN|978-0941532372}}, p. 32</ref>

From her first appearance as a goddess during the [[Itihasa-Purana|epic period]] (400 BCE – 400 CE), Parvati is primarily depicted as the consort of the god [[Shiva]].<ref name=":1" /> According to the [[Purana]]s, Parvati is the reincarnation of [[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Sati]], Shiva's first wife, who relinquished her body to sever familial ties with her father, [[Daksha]], after he had insulted Shiva.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tagare |first=G.V. |title=The Bhagavata Purana (Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology) |volume=IV |year=2007 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788120809666 |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-skanda-purana}}</ref> Parvati is often equated with the other goddesses such as Sati, Uma, [[Kali]] and [[Durga]] and due to this close connection, they are often treated as one and the same, with their stories frequently overlapping. In [[Hindu mythology]], the birth of Parvati is primarily understood as a cosmic event meant to lure Shiva out of his ascetic withdrawal and into the realm of marriage and household life. As Shiva's wife, Parvati represents the life-affirming, creative force that complements Shiva's austere, world-denying nature. Her presence in his life draws him from isolation into worldly engagement, thus balancing the two poles of asceticism and householder life in Hindu philosophy. Parvati's role as wife and mother is central to her mythological persona, where she embodies the ideal of the devoted spouse who both supports and expands her husband's realm of influence.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Kinsley |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgTOZEyrVtIC&q=david+kinsley+10+mahavidya |title=Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition |date=1998 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0394-7}}</ref><ref name="edwardbalfour">Edward Balfour, {{Google books|iU0OAAAAQAAJ|Parvati|page=153}}, ''The Encyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia'', pp 153</ref> Parvati is also noted for her motherhood, being the mother of the prominent Hindu deities [[Ganesha]] and [[Kartikeya]].{{sfn|Wilkins|2001|p=295}}<ref name="H.V. Dehejia, Parvati pp 11">H.V. Dehejia, Parvati: Goddess of Love, Mapin, {{ISBN|978-8185822594}}, pp 11</ref><ref>Edward Washburn Hopkins, {{Google books|-H0eiuvcG5IC|Epic Mythology|page=224}}, pp. 224–226</ref>

Philosophically, Parvati is regarded as Shiva’s ''[[shakti]]'' (divine energy or power), the personification of the creative force that sustains the cosmos. In this role, she becomes not only a mother and nurturer but also the embodiment of cosmic energy and fertility. She is the source of power that energises Shiva, who without her is incomplete. Parvati's mythology, therefore, is not just about her role as a wife but also about her cosmic function as the force that activates and sustains life.<ref name=":1" /> In various [[Shaivism|Shaiva traditions]], Parvati is also regarded as a model devotee, and even viewed as the embodiment of Shiva's grace, playing a central role in the spiritual liberation of devotees.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Ananda Coomaraswamy, "Saiva Sculptures", ''Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin'', vol. 20, no. 118 (April 1922), p. 17</ref><ref>Stella Kramrisch (1975), "The Indian Great Goddess", ''History of Religions'', vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 261</ref> She is also one of the central deities in the goddess-oriented sect of [[Shaktism]], where she is regarded as a benevolent aspect of [[Mahadevi]], the supreme deity,<ref>H.V. Dehejia, Parvati: Goddess of Love, Mapin, {{ISBN|978-8185822594}}</ref><ref>James Hendershot, Penance, Trafford, {{ISBN|978-1490716749}}, pp 78</ref> and is closely associated with various manifestations of Mahadevi, including the ten [[Mahavidyas]] and the [[Navadurga]]s.<ref name=":1" /> Parvati is found extensively in ancient ''[[Purana|Puranic]]'' literature, and her statues and iconography are present in Hindu temples all over [[South Asia]] and [[Southeast Asia]].<ref>Hariani Santiko, "The Goddess Durgā (warrior form of Parvati) in the East-Javanese Period", ''Asian Folklore Studies'', vol. 56, no. 2 (1997), pp. 209–226</ref><ref>Ananda Coomaraswamy, "Saiva Sculptures", ''Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin'', vol. 20, no. 118 (April 1922), pp. 15–24</ref> In Hindu temples dedicated to her and Shiva, she is symbolically represented as the ''[[yoni]]''.<ref name=":1" />