Editing Pazhassi Raja (section)

{{about|the prince from the royal dynasty of Kottayam|the Indian films|Pazhassi Raja (1964 film)|and|Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja (film)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Pazhassi Raja
| title        = Kerala Varma, Raja of [[Kottayam (Malabar)|Kingdom of Kottayam]], Kerala Simham, Chandrakula Vira, Shaktan Rajah
| image        = Veera Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja.jpg
| caption      = Painting of Pazhassi Raja by [[Raja Ravi Varma]] displayed in Pazhassiraja Museum, [[Kozhikode]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| reign        = 1773–1805
| coronation   = 
| birth_name   = Kerala Varma
| birth_date   = {{birth date|df=yes|1753|01|03}}
| birth_place  = Pazhassi, near [[Mattannur]], [[Kingdom of Kottayam]] (present-day [[Kannur district]], [[Kerala]], [[India]])
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1805|11|30|1753|01|03}}
| death_place  = Mavila Thod, near [[Pulpally]]
| burial_date  = 
| burial_place = [[Mananthavady]], [[Wayanad district]], [[Kerala]], [[India]] <br /> {{coord|11.8017895|76.0008075|display=inline,title}}
| successor    = 
| spouses      = Kunjati of Avinyat, Makom of Kaitheri
| issue        = 
| royal house  = Padinjare Kovilakam
| dynasty      = Purannattukara Svarupam
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| signature    = 
}}
{{Keralahistory}}
Kerala Varma '''Pazhassi Raja''' ({{IPA|ml|pɐɻɐʃːi ɾaːd͡ʒɐ|IPA}}) (3 January 1753 – 30 November 1805),<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-04-05 |title=Trailing Pazhassi Raja to his death|work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/trailing-pazhassi-raja-to-his-death/article4584713.ece |access-date=2023-11-14 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> also known as '''Cotiote Rajah''' and '''Pychy Rajah,''' was the ''[[de facto]]'' head of the [[Kottayam (Malabar)|Kottayam Kingdom]]{{Efn|anglicised as 'Cotiote'; not to be confused with present day region in central Kerala comprising the [[Kottayam district]]|group=note}} in the [[Malabar (Northern Kerala)|Malabar]] region of [[Kerala]] between 1774 and 1805. His struggles with the British [[East India Company]] is known as the [[Cotiote War]]. Pazhassi's rebellion against the British is often touted as one of the earliest acts of freedom fight in India.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=2021-11-29 |title=Pazhassi Day observance today|work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pazhassi-day-observance-today/article37759131.ece |access-date=2023-11-14 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He earned the epithet ''"Kerala Simham"'' ("Lion of Kerala") on account of his martial exploits.<ref>{{Cite web |last=dcbooks.com |date=2021-11-30 |title='കേരളസിംഹം'; വീരപഴശ്ശിരാജയുടെ കഥ പറയുന്ന ചരിത്രനോവല്‍ |url=https://www.dcbooks.com/keralasimham-print-on-demand-by-sardar-k-m-panicker.html |access-date=2023-11-14}}</ref>

Pazhassi Raja was a member of the western branch of the Kottayam royal clan. When [[Hyder Ali]] of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] [[Mysore invasion of Kerala|occupied Malabar]] in 1773, the Raja of Kottayam found political asylum in Kallara near Vaikom in Kottayam district of Kerala. Pazhassi Raja, the fourth prince in line for succession to the throne during this period, became one of the ''de facto'' heads of state, surpassing several older royal contenders. He fought a war of resistance against the Mysorean army from 1774 to 1793. On account of his refusal to flee and due to his effective resistance to Mysoreans, he gained firm support of his subjects.

In 1792, after the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]], the East India Company imposed control in Kottayam in violation of an earlier agreement of 1790 which had recognised its independence. [[Vira Varma]], to whom Raja was a nephew, was appointed by the East India Company authorities as the Raja of Kottayam. To meet revenue targets fixed by Company authorities, Vira Varma ordered an exorbitant tax to be collected from the peasantry and this move was met in 1793 by a mass resistance led by Pazhassi Raja, who had always been opposed to the company's rule. In 1796, the company made an attempt to arrest Pazhassi Raja, but he evaded capture and instead fought back using [[Guerrilla warfare|guerilla warfare]]. After a string of serious setbacks, the Company sued for peace in 1797. The conflict was renewed in 1800 over a dispute on Wayanad and after a five-year-long war of insurgency, Pazhassi Raja was killed on 30 November 1805 in a gunfight at Mavila Thodu (small body of water), in the present-day Kerala-Karnataka border.