Editing Perak (section)

{{Short description|State of Malaysia}}
{{Other uses}}
{{use British English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Perak
| official_name      = Perak Darul Ridzuan
| native_name        = ''Peghok''
| settlement_type    = [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|State]]
| image_flag         = Flag of Perak.svg
| flag_size          = 
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of Perak.svg
| shield_size        = 70px
| nickname           = 
| established_title  = [[Sultan of Perak|Established the Sultanate]]
| established_date   = 1528
| established_title2 = [[Pangkor Treaty]]
| established_date2  = 1874
| established_title3 = Federated into [[Federated Malay States|FMS]]
| established_date3  = 1895
| established_title4 = [[Japanese occupation of Malaya|Japanese occupation]]
| established_date4  = 1942
| established_title5 = Accession into the [[Federation of Malaya]]
| established_date5  = 1948
| established_title6 = Independence as part of the Federation of Malaya
| established_date6  = 31 August 1957
| motto              = ''Perak Aman Jaya''<br />{{small|Perak Peaceful Glorious}}
| anthem             = ''[[Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan]]''<br />{{small|God Lengthen the Sultan's Age}}<br />[[File:Lagu Rasmi Perak - Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan.ogg|centre]]
| coordinates        = {{coord|4|45|N|101|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| image_map          = Perak in Malaysia.svg
| mapsize            = 
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = {{Legend inline|#C41E3A|outline=silver}} '''Perak''' in {{Legend inline|#FDF9D2|outline=silver}} '''[[Malaysia]]'''
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{MYS}}
| seat_type          = [[List of capitals in Malaysia|Capital]]<br>{{nobold|(and largest city) }}
| seat               = [[Ipoh]]
| parts_type         = Royal capital
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = [[Kuala Kangsar]]
| government_type    = [[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy|constitutional]] [[monarchy]]
| leader_title       = [[Sultan of Perak|Sultan]]
| leader_name        = [[Nazrin Shah of Perak|Nazrin Shah]]
| leader_title1      = [[List of Menteris Besar of Perak|Menteri Besar]]
| leader_name1       = [[Saarani Mohamad]] <br /> ([[Barisan Nasional|BN]]–[[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]])
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="statistics">{{cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cone&menu_id=RTRycHhPcisweHpMdlVwKzhMY25XUT09|title=Perak @ a Glance|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|access-date=8 October 2019}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 20976
| area_water_km2     = 
| elevation_max_m    = 2183
| elevation_max_point = [[Mount Korbu]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="statistics"/>
| population_total   = 2500000 ([[States and federal territories of Malaysia|5th]])
| population_as_of   = 2018
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Perakian
| demographics_type1 = Demographics {{nobold|(2010)}}<ref name="total population">{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/population/05Jadual_Mukim_negeri/Mukim_Perak.pdf|title=Total population by ethnic group, administrative district and state, Malaysia|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|year=2010|access-date=16 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227012234/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/population/05Jadual_Mukim_negeri/Mukim_Perak.pdf|archive-date=27 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Ethnic composition
| demographics1_info1 = * [[Bumiputera (Malaysia)|Bumiputera]] 57.1%
* [[Malaysian Chinese|Chinese]] 29%
* [[Malaysian Indians|Indian]] 11%
* Other 2.9%
| demographics1_title2 = Languages
| demographics1_info2 = [[Perak Malay]]{{*}}[[Kedah Malay]]{{*}}[[Reman Malay]]{{*}}[[Semai language|Semai]]{{*}}[[Temiar language|Temiar]]<br />Other [[#Languages|ethnic minority languages]]
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->| blank_name_sec1    = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2023)}}
| blank_info_sec1    = {{DecreaseNeutral}} 0.790<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |title=Subnational Human Development Index (2.1) [Sarawak – Malaysia] |publisher=Global Data Lab of Institute for Management Research, [[Radboud University Nijmegen|Radboud University]] |access-date=12 November 2018}}</ref><br /><span style="color:#090;">high</span> · [[List of Malaysian states by Human Development Index|11th]]
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] {{nobold|(nominal)}}
| blank1_info_sec1   = 2022
| blank2_name_sec1   = &nbsp;• Total
| blank2_info_sec1   = {{increase}} $21.161 billion<br>([[Malaysian ringgit|RM]] 93.112 billion)<ref name=":dosm">{{Cite web |last=DOSM |title=Department of Statistics Malaysia |url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/portal-main/release-content/gross-domestic-product-gdp-by-state- |access-date=11 September 2023 |website=www.dosm.gov.my}}</ref> ([[List of Malaysian states by GDP|7th]])
| blank3_name_sec1   = &nbsp;• Per capita
| blank3_info_sec1   = {{increase}} $8,391<br>([[Malaysian ringgit|RM]] 36,924)<ref name=":dosm" /> ([[List of Malaysian states by GDP#Gross Domestic Product per capita by state|10th]])
| blank4_name_sec1   = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] {{nobold|([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])}}
| blank4_info_sec1   = 2022
| blank5_name_sec1   = &nbsp;• Total
| blank5_info_sec1   = {{increase}} $50.768 billion ([[List of Malaysian states by GDP|7th]])
| blank6_name_sec1   = &nbsp;• Per capita
| blank6_info_sec1   = {{increase}} $23,370 ([[List of Malaysian states by GDP#Gross Domestic Product per capita by state|10th]])
| timezone1          = [[Malaysian Standard Time|MST]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone-old.html|title=Time Zones in Malaysia|author=Helmer Aslaksen|publisher=Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, [[National University of Singapore]]|date=28 June 2012|access-date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521034731/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone-old.html|archive-date=21 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| utc_offset1        = +8
| postal_code_type   = [[List of postal codes in Malaysia|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 30xxx<ref>{{cite web|url=https://postal-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/perak/?p=1|title=Postal codes in Perak|publisher=cybo.com|access-date=8 October 2019}}</ref> to 36xxx<ref>{{cite web|url=https://postal-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/teluk-intan/|title=Postal codes in Teluk Intan|publisher=cybo.com|access-date=8 October 2019}}</ref>
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in Malaysia|Calling code]]
| area_code          = 033 to 058<ref>{{cite web|url=https://area-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/perak/?p=1|title=Area codes in Perak|publisher=cybo.com|access-date=8 October 2019}}</ref>
| iso_code           = MY-08, 36–39<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpn.gov.my/en/kod-negeri/|title=State Code|publisher=Malaysian National Registration Department|access-date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519030502/http://www.jpn.gov.my/en/kod-negeri/|archive-date=19 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| registration_plate = [[Malaysian vehicle license plates|A]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://malaysiandigest.com/features/546797-some-little-known-facts-on-malaysian-vehicle-registration-plates.html|title=Some Little Known Facts On Malaysian Vehicle Registration Plates|author=Teh Wei Soon|publisher=Malaysian Digest|date=23 March 2015|access-date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708091603/http://malaysiandigest.com/features/546797-some-little-known-facts-on-malaysian-vehicle-registration-plates.html|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
| website            = {{official website}}
| image_map1         = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250|zoom=8}}{{hidden end}}
}}

'''Perak''' ({{IPA|ms|peraʔ}}; [[Perak Malay]]: ''Peghok'') is a [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|state]] of [[Malaysia]] on the west coast of the [[Malay Peninsula]]. Perak has land borders with the Malaysian states of [[Kedah]] to the north, [[Penang]] to the northwest, [[Kelantan]] and [[Pahang]] to the east, and [[Selangor]] to the south. [[Thailand]]'s [[Yala Province|Yala]] and [[Narathiwat Province|Narathiwat]] provinces both lie to the northeast. Perak's capital city, [[Ipoh]], was known historically for its [[tin]]-mining activities until the price of the metal dropped, severely affecting the state's economy. The royal capital remains [[Kuala Kangsar]], where the palace of the [[Sultan of Perak]] is located. As of 2018, the state's population was 2,500,000. Perak has [[biodiversity|diverse]] [[tropical rainforests]] and an [[equatorial climate]]. The state's main [[mountain ranges]] are composed of the [[Titiwangsa Mountains|Titiwangsa]], [[Bintang Mountains|Bintang]] and [[Keledang Range]]s, where all of them are part of the larger [[Tenasserim Hills]] system that connects [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] and Malaysia.

The discovery of an ancient skeleton in Perak revealed missing information on the migration of ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' from mainland [[Asia]] through [[Southeast Asia]] to the [[Australia (continent)|Australian]] continent. Known as Perak Man, the skeleton is dated at around 10,000 years old. An early [[Hinduism|Hindu]] or [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] kingdom, followed by several other minor kingdoms, existed before the [[Islam in Southeast Asia|arrival of Islam]]. By 1528, a Muslim sultanate began to emerge in Perak, out of the remnants of the [[Malaccan Sultanate]]. Although able to resist Siamese occupation for more than two hundred years, the sultanate was partly controlled by the [[Sumatra]]-based [[Aceh Sultanate]]. This was particularly the case after the Aceh lineage took over the royal succession. With the arrival of the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC), and the VOC's increasing conflicts with Aceh, Perak began to distance itself from Acehnese control. The presence of the English [[East India Company]] (EIC) in the nearby [[Straits Settlements]] of Penang provided additional protection for the state, with further Siamese attempts to conquer Perak thwarted by British expeditionary forces.

The [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]] was signed to prevent further conflict between the British and the Dutch. It enabled the British to expand their control in the Malay Peninsula without interference from other foreign powers. The [[Pangkor Treaty of 1874|1874 Pangkor Treaty]] provided for direct British intervention, with Perak appointing a British [[Resident (title)|Resident]]. Following Perak's subsequent absorption into the [[Federated Malay States]] (FMS), the British reformed administration of the sultanate through a new style of government, actively promoting a [[market-driven economy]] and maintaining law and order while combatting the [[slavery]] widely practised across Perak at the time. The three-year [[Japanese occupation of Malaya|Japanese occupation]] in [[World War II]] halted further progress. After the war, Perak became part of the temporary [[Malayan Union]], before being absorbed into the [[Federation of Malaya]]. It gained full independence through the Federation, which subsequently became Malaysia on 16 September 1963.

Perak is ethnically, culturally and linguistically diverse. The state is known for several traditional dances: ''bubu'', ''dabus'', and ''labu sayong'', the latter name also referring to Perak's unique traditional [[pottery]]. The head of state is the [[Sultan of Perak]], and the head of government is the ''[[List of Menteris Besar of Perak|Menteri Besar]]''. Government is closely modelled on the [[Westminster system|Westminster parliamentary system]], with the state administration divided into administrative districts. Islam is the [[state religion]], and other religions may be practised freely. [[Malaysian language|Malay]] and [[English language|English]] are recognised as the official languages of Perak. The economy is mainly based on [[Tertiary sector of the economy|services]] and [[Secondary sector of the economy|manufacturing]].