Editing Performance art (section)

{{Short description|Artwork created through actions of an artist or other participants}}
{{redirect|Live art|the album|Live Art}}
{{Distinguish|Performing arts}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Yves Klein, Le Saut Dans le Vide, 1960.jpg|thumb|Conceptual work by [[Yves Klein]] at Rue Gentil-Bernard, Fontenay-aux-Roses, October 1960. ''Le Saut dans le Vide'' (''Leap into the Void'').]]

'''Performance art''' is an artwork or art exhibition created through actions executed by the artist or other participants. It may be witnessed live or through documentation, spontaneously developed or written, and is traditionally presented to a public in a [[fine art]] context in an interdisciplinary mode.<ref name="Tate Modern">{{cite web|title=Performance Art|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/p/performance-art|publisher=Tate Modern|access-date=May 20, 2020}}</ref> Also known as '''artistic action''', it has been developed through the years as a [[genre]] of its own in which art is presented live. It had an important and fundamental role in 20th century [[avant-garde art]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Performance Art Movement Overview|url=https://www.theartstory.org/movement/performance-art/|publisher=The Art Story|access-date=May 12, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Media & Performance|url=https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/themes/media-and-performance-art/|publisher=Moma Museo of Modern Art|access-date=May 20, 2020}}</ref>

It involves five basic elements: time, space, body, presence of the artist, and the relation between the artist and the public. The actions, generally developed in art galleries and museums, can take place in any kind of setting or space, and during any time period.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.celarg.org/int/archivos/taylor_estudios_avanzados_de_performance.pdf|title=Estudios avanzados de performance|last=Taylor y Fuentes|first=Diana y Macela|date=2011|publisher=Fondo de Cultura Económica|access-date=February 8, 2019|archive-date=February 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214223806/http://www.celarg.org/int/archivos/taylor_estudios_avanzados_de_performance.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Its goal is to generate a reaction, sometimes with the support of improvisation and a sense of aesthetics. The themes are commonly linked to life experiences of the artist themselves, the need for denunciation or social criticism and with a spirit of transformation.<ref name=":01">{{Cite web|url=http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/Argentina/cea-unc/20161202110720/pdf_1328.pdf|title=El concepto de performance según Erving Goffman y Judith Butler|last=Franco Peplo|first=Fernando|date=2014|publisher=Colección Documentos de trabajo. Editorial CEA. Año1. Número 3|access-date=February 8, 2019}}</ref>

The term "performance art" and "performance" became widely used in the 1970s, even though the history of performance in [[visual arts]] dates back to [[futurist]] productions and [[cabarets]] from the 1910s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Etimología de performance|url=http://etimologias.dechile.net/?performance|publisher=Etimologías de Chile|date=2019|access-date=May 20, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Tate Modern" /> Art critic and performance artist [[John Perreault]] credits [[Marjorie Strider]] with the invention of the term in 1969.<ref>{{cite book |last=Perreault |first=John |date=1982 |editor-last=Van Wagner |editor-first=Judith K.|title=Marjorie Strider: 10 Years, 1970-1980 |publisher=Myers Fine Art Gallery |pages=11–15 |chapter=Marjorie Strider: An Overview}}</ref> The main pioneers of performance art include [[Carolee Schneemann]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Carreño Rio|first=Rodrigo|title=Carolee Schneemann, Pionera y Referente|url=https://www.lemiaunoir.com/carolee-schneemann-pionera-y-referente/|access-date=June 8, 2020|work=Le Miau Noir}}</ref> [[Marina Abramović]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Marina Abramovic, pionera del performance|url=http://www.thevault.com.mx/2018/04/04/marina-abramovic-pionera-del-performance/|access-date=June 8, 2020|work=The Vault|date=April 8, 2018}}</ref> [[Ana Mendieta]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Ana Mendieta, la pionera cubana de la performance, está en Madrid|url=https://diariodecuba.com/cultura/1581692712_11023.html|access-date=June 8, 2020|work=Diario de Cuba|date=February 14, 2020}}</ref> [[Chris Burden]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Calvo|first=Irene|title=Chris Burden, el body art y la performance de los 70: referentes actuales|url=http://www.ahmagazine.es/chris-burden/|access-date=June 8, 2020|work=Ah Magazine|date=May 14, 2015}}</ref> [[Hermann Nitsch]], [[Joseph Beuys]], [[Nam June Paik]], [[Tehching Hsieh]], [[Yves Klein]] and [[Vito Acconci]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Ben |title=Vito Acconci, Transgressive Progenitor of Performance Art, Dies at 77 |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/vito-acconci-dies-77-941138 |access-date=June 30, 2020 |work=London Arte Week |date=April 28, 2017}}</ref> Some of the main exponents more recently are [[Tania Bruguera]],<ref>{{cite news |title=The Top 10 Living Artists of 2015 |url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-the-top-living-artists |access-date=June 30, 2020 |work=Artsy |date=2015}}</ref> [[Abel Azcona]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Abel Azcona, mejor artista de performance |date=February 22, 2016 |url=https://www.hoyesarte.com/hoy/abel-azcona/ |publisher=Hoyu es arte |access-date=June 30, 2020}}</ref> [[Regina José Galindo]],<ref>{{cite news |last1= Toledo |first1=Manuel |title=Guatemalteca gana Leon de Oro |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/misc/newsid_4082000/4082864.stm |access-date=November 28, 2022 |work=BBC Mundo |date=June 10, 2005}}</ref> [[Marta Minujín]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=E. Cué |first1=Carlos |title=Marta Minujín "Desde los años sesenta no se ha hecho nada nuevo en arte" |url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2017/02/16/babelia/1487243204_608976.html |access-date=June 30, 2020 |work=El Pais |date=February 17, 2017}}</ref> [[Melati Suryodarmo]] and [[Petr Pavlensky]]. The discipline is linked to the ''[[happening]]s'' and "events" of the [[Fluxus]] movement, [[Viennese Actionism]], [[body art]] and [[conceptual art]].<ref>Fischer-Lichte, Erika. The Transformative Power of Performance: A New Aesthetics. New York and London 2008, Routledge. {{ISBN|978-0415458566}}.</ref>