Editing Pericarditis (section)

{{Short description|Inflammation of the pericardium}}
{{Infobox medical condition
| name            = Pericarditis
| image           = Pericarditis10.JPG
| caption         = An ECG showing pericarditis, with [[ST elevation]] in multiple leads and slight reciprocal [[ST depression]] in aVR.
| width           = 350px
| field           = [[Cardiology]]
| symptoms        = Sharp [[chest pain]], better sitting up and worse with lying down, [[fever]]<ref name=NIH2012Sym/>
| complications   = [[Cardiac tamponade]], [[myocarditis]], [[constrictive pericarditis]]<ref name=NIH2012Sym/><ref name=HEART2015/>
| onset           = Typically sudden<ref name=NIH2012Sym/>
| duration        = Few days to weeks<ref name=NIH2012Prog/>
| types           =
| causes          = [[Viral infection]], [[tuberculosis]], [[uremic pericarditis]], following a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]], [[cancer]], [[autoimmune disorder]]s, [[chest trauma]]<ref name=AFP2007/><ref name=NIH2012Ca/>
| risks           =
| diagnosis       = Based on symptoms, [[electrocardiogram]], [[pericardial effusion|fluid around the heart]]<ref name=Im2015/>
| differential    = [[myocardial infarction|Heart attack]]<ref name=NIH2012Sym/>
| prevention      =
| treatment       = [[NSAIDs]], [[colchicine]], [[corticosteroid]]s<ref name=Im2015/>
| medication      =
| prognosis       = Usually good<ref name=Im2015/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cunha |first1=Burke A. | name-list-style = vanc |title=Antibiotic Essentials |date=2010 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers |isbn=978-1-4496-1870-4 |page=71 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RU7p9EwQ_S0C&pg=PA71 |language=en}}</ref>
| frequency       = 3 per 10,000 per year<ref name=HEART2015/>
| deaths          =
}}

<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
'''Pericarditis''' ({{respell|PER|i-|kar|DYE|tis}}) is [[inflammation]] of the [[pericardium]], the fibrous sac surrounding the [[heart]].<ref name=NIH2012What>{{cite web|title=What Is Pericarditis?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri|website=National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|date=September 26, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002030835/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri|archive-date=October 2, 2016}}</ref> Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp [[chest pain]], which may also be felt in the shoulders, neck, or back.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> The pain is typically less severe when sitting up and more severe when lying down or breathing deeply.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> Other symptoms of pericarditis can include [[fever]], [[weakness]], [[palpitations]], and [[shortness of breath]].<ref name=NIH2012Sym/> The onset of symptoms can occasionally be gradual rather than sudden.<ref name=NIH2012What/>

<!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
The cause of pericarditis often remains unknown but is believed to be most often due to a [[viral infection]].<ref name=AFP2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tingle LE, Molina D, Calvert CW | title = Acute pericarditis | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 76 | issue = 10 | pages = 1509–14 | date = November 2007 | pmid = 18052017 }}</ref><ref name="NIH2012What" /> Other causes include [[bacterial infection]]s such as [[tuberculosis]], [[uremic pericarditis]], [[heart attack]], [[cancer]], [[autoimmune disorder]]s, and [[chest trauma]].<ref name=AFP2007/><ref name=NIH2012Ca>{{cite web|title=What Causes Pericarditis?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/causes|website=National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|access-date=28 September 2016|date=September 26, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002035605/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/causes|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> Diagnosis is based on the presence of chest pain, a [[pericardial rub]], specific [[electrocardiogram]] (ECG) changes, and [[pericardial effusion|fluid around the heart]].<ref name=Im2015/> A heart attack may produce similar symptoms to pericarditis.<ref name=NIH2012Sym/>

<!-- Treatment, prognosis, and epidemiology -->
Treatment in most cases is with [[NSAIDs]] and possibly the anti-inflammatory medication [[colchicine]].<ref name=Im2015/> [[Corticosteroid|Steroids]] may be used if these are not appropriate.<ref name=Im2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M | title = Evaluation and Treatment of Pericarditis: A Systematic Review | journal = JAMA | volume = 314 | issue = 14 | pages = 1498–506 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26461998 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2015.12763 | hdl = 2318/1576078 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> Symptoms usually improve in a few days to weeks but can occasionally last months.<ref name=NIH2012Prog>{{cite web|title=How Is Pericarditis Treated?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/treatment| website = National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute |access-date=28 September 2016|date=September 26, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002032853/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/treatment|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> Complications can include [[cardiac tamponade]], [[myocarditis]], and [[constrictive pericarditis]].<ref name=NIH2012Sym>{{cite web|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Pericarditis?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/signs| website = National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute |access-date=28 September 2016|date=September 26, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002032323/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/signs|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=HEART2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Imazio M, Gaita F | s2cid = 35310104 | title = Diagnosis and treatment of pericarditis | journal = Heart | volume = 101 | issue = 14 | pages = 1159–68 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 25855795 | doi = 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306362 }}</ref> Pericarditis is an uncommon cause of chest pain.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = McConaghy JR, Oza RS | title = Outpatient diagnosis of acute chest pain in adults | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 87 | issue = 3 | pages = 177–82 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23418761 }}</ref> About 3 per 10,000 people are affected per year.<ref name=HEART2015/> Those most commonly affected are males between the ages of 20 and 50.<ref name=NIH2012Who/> Up to 30% of those affected have more than one episode.<ref name=NIH2012Who>{{cite web|title=Who Is at Risk for Pericarditis?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/atrisk| website = National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute |access-date=28 September 2016|date=September 26, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002014435/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/atrisk|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref>
{{TOC limit|3}}