Editing Peritonitis (section)

{{Short description|Inflammation of abdominal organ lining}}
{{About|the human condition|peritonitis in cats|Feline infectious peritonitis}}
{{confuse|Periodontal disease}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name          = Peritonitis
| image         = Tuberculous peritonitis (6544825621).jpg
| caption       = Peritonitis from [[tuberculosis]]
| synonyms      = Surgical abdomen, acute abdomen<ref name=Fer2018/>
| field         = [[Emergency medicine]], [[general surgery]]
| pronounce     = {{IPAc-en|p|ɛ|r|ᵻ|t|ə|ˈ|n|aɪ|t|ᵻ|s}}
| symptoms      = Severe pain, swelling of the abdomen, [[fever]]<ref name=PM2017/><ref name=NHS2017/>
| complications = [[Sepsis]] (sepsis is likely if not quickly treated), [[Shock (circulatory)|shock]], [[acute respiratory distress syndrome]]<ref name=Mer2017Pro/><ref name=Mer2017Con/>
| onset         = Sudden<ref name=Fer2018/>
| duration      = 
| types         = Primary, secondary, tertiary, generalized, localized<ref name=Fer2018/>
| causes        = [[Gastrointestinal perforation|Perforation of the intestinal tract]], [[pancreatitis]], [[pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[cirrhosis]], [[Appendicitis|ruptured appendix]]<ref name=NHS2017/>
| risks         = [[Ascites]], [[peritoneal dialysis]]<ref name=Mer2017Pro/>
| diagnosis     = [[Physical examination|Examination]], [[Blood test|blood tests]], [[medical imaging]]<ref name=NHS2015Wales/>
| differential  = 
| prevention    = 
| treatment     = [[Antibiotic]]s, [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous fluids]], [[Analgesic|pain medication]], surgery<ref name=NHS2017/><ref name=Mer2017Pro/>
| medication    = 
| prognosis     = 
| frequency     = Relatively common<ref name=Fer2018/>
| deaths        = 
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
'''Peritonitis''' is [[inflammation]] of the localized or generalized [[peritoneum]], the lining of the inner wall of the [[abdomen]] and covering of the [[Abdomen#Contents|abdominal organs]].<ref name=PM2017>{{cite web|title=Peritonitis - National Library of Medicine|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022963/|website=PubMed Health|access-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124082858/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022963/|archive-date=2016-01-24}}</ref> Symptoms may include severe pain, [[Abdominal distension|swelling of the abdomen]], fever, or weight loss.<ref name=PM2017/><ref name=NHS2017/> One part or the entire abdomen may be tender.<ref name=Fer2018>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323529570|pages=979–980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wGclDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA979|language=en|access-date=2020-08-24|archive-date=2020-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008033634/https://books.google.com/books?id=wGclDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA979|url-status=live}}</ref> Complications may include [[Shock (circulatory)|shock]] and [[acute respiratory distress syndrome]].<ref name=Mer2017Pro/><ref name=Mer2017Con>{{cite web|title=Acute Abdominal Pain|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/acute-abdominal-pain#v14496269|website=Merck Manuals Consumer Version|access-date=31 December 2017|archive-date=13 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713101640/https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/acute-abdominal-pain#v14496269|url-status=live}}</ref>

<!-- Causes and diagnosis -->
Causes include [[Gastrointestinal perforation|perforation of the intestinal tract]], [[pancreatitis]], [[pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Peptic ulcer disease|stomach ulcer]], [[cirrhosis]], a [[Appendicitis|ruptured appendix]] or even a [[Cholecystitis|perforated gallbladder]].<ref name=NHS2017>{{cite web|title=Peritonitis|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/peritonitis/|website=NHS|access-date=31 December 2017|date=28 September 2017|archive-date=31 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231212637/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/peritonitis/|url-status=live}}</ref> Risk factors include [[ascites]] (the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen) and [[peritoneal dialysis]].<ref name=Mer2017Pro>{{cite web|title=Acute Abdominal Pain|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/acute-abdomen-and-surgical-gastroenterology/acute-abdominal-pain|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=31 December 2017|archive-date=13 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713075425/https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/acute-abdomen-and-surgical-gastroenterology/acute-abdominal-pain|url-status=live}}</ref> Diagnosis is generally based on [[Physical examination|examination]], [[Blood test|blood tests]], and [[medical imaging]].<ref name=NHS2015Wales>{{cite web|title=Encyclopaedia : Peritonitis|url=http://www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/p/article/peritonitis/|website=NHS Direct Wales|access-date=31 December 2017|date=25 April 2015|archive-date=31 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231212715/http://www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/p/article/peritonitis/|url-status=live}}</ref>

<!-- Treatment and prognosis -->
Treatment often includes [[Antibiotic|antibiotics]], [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous fluids]], [[Analgesic|pain medication]], and surgery.<ref name=NHS2017/><ref name=Mer2017Pro/> Other measures may include a [[Nasogastric intubation|nasogastric tube]] or [[blood transfusion]].<ref name=Mer2017Pro/> Without treatment death may occur within a few days.<ref name=Mer2017Pro/> About 20% of people with [[cirrhosis]] who are hospitalized have peritonitis.<ref name=Fer2018/>