Editing Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (section)

{{Short description|Group of nuclear receptor proteins}}
[[File:PPAR-diagram.png|450px|thumb|PPAR -alpha and -gamma pathways.]]

In the field of [[molecular biology]], the '''peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors''' ('''PPARs''') are a group of [[nuclear receptor]] [[protein]]s that function as [[transcription factor]]s regulating [[gene]] expression.<ref name="Michalik_2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Michalik L, Auwerx J, Berger JP, Chatterjee VK, Glass CK, Gonzalez FJ, Grimaldi PA, Kadowaki T, Lazar MA, O'Rahilly S, Palmer CN, Plutzky J, Reddy JK, Spiegelman BM, Staels B, Wahli W | title = International Union of Pharmacology. LXI. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors | journal = Pharmacol. Rev. | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 726–41 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17132851 | doi = 10.1124/pr.58.4.5 | s2cid = 2240461 }}</ref>  PPARs play essential roles in regulating [[cell differentiation|cellular differentiation]], [[developmental biology|development]], and [[metabolism]] ([[carbohydrate metabolism|carbohydrate]], [[lipid metabolism|lipid]], [[protein metabolism|protein]]),<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dunning|first1=Kylie R.|last2=Anastasi|first2=Marie R.|last3=Zhang|first3=Voueleng J.|last4=Russell|first4=Darryl L.|last5=Robker|first5=Rebecca L.|date=2014-02-05|title=Regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation in Mouse Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes during Maturation and Modulation by PPAR Agonists|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=9|issue=2|pages=e87327|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087327|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3914821|pmid=24505284|bibcode=2014PLoSO...987327D|doi-access=free}}</ref> and [[tumorigenesis]]<ref name="pmid19609453">{{cite journal | vauthors = Belfiore A, Genua M, Malaguarnera R | title = PPAR-gamma Agonists and Their Effects on IGF-I Receptor Signaling: Implications for Cancer | journal = PPAR Res | volume = 2009 | pages = 830501 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19609453 | doi = 10.1155/2009/830501 | pmc = 2709717 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Berger_2002">{{cite journal | vauthors = Berger J, Moller DE | title = The mechanisms of action of PPARs | journal = Annu. Rev. Med. | volume = 53 | pages = 409–35 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11818483 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.104018 }}</ref><ref name="Feige_2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Feige JN, Gelman L, Michalik L, Desvergne B, Wahli W | title = From molecular action to physiological outputs: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are nuclear receptors at the crossroads of key cellular functions | journal = Prog. Lipid Res. | volume = 45 | issue = 2 | pages = 120–59 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16476485 | doi = 10.1016/j.plipres.2005.12.002 }}</ref>