Editing Perth (section)

{{Short description|Capital city of Western Australia}}
{{about|the capital of Western Australia|the city in Scotland|Perth, Scotland|other uses}}
{{citation style |reason=article uses predominantly full citations but also some short ones. Move the short to full citations |date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Australian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox Australian place
| type               = city
| name               = Perth
| native_name        = {{nativename|nys|Boorloo}}
| state              = WA
| image              = {{multiple image
 | total_width            = 280
 | border                 = infobox
 | perrow                 = 1/3/2/2
 | caption_align          = center
 | image1                 = Perth CBD skyline from State War Memorial Lookout, 2023, 04 b.jpg
 | alt1                   = Perth CBD skyline
 | caption1               = [[Perth#Central business district|Central business district]] from [[Kings Park, Western Australia|Kings Park]]
 | image2                 = Perth town hall march21 (cropped).jpg
 | alt2                   = Perth Town Hall
 | caption2               = [[Perth Town Hall]]
 | image3                 = Perth (AU), Yagan Square, Digital Tower -- 2019 -- 0282.jpg
 | alt3                   = Yagan Square
 | caption3               = [[Yagan Square]]
 | image4                 = Perth (AU), The Bell Tower -- 2019 -- 0320-4.jpg
 | alt4                   = Swan Bells
 | caption4               = [[Swan Bells]]
 | image5                 = Perth Stadium, December 2017 01.jpg
 | alt5                   = Perth Stadium
 | caption5               = [[Perth Stadium]]
 | image6                 = Boola bardip 151120 gnangarra-101.jpg
 | alt6                   = WA Museum Boola Bardip
 | caption6               = [[Western Australian Museum|WA Museum Boola Bardip]]
 | image7                 = Crowds on Cottesloe Beach at Sculpture by the Sea exhibition.jpg
 | alt7                   = Cottesloe Beach
 | caption7               = [[Cottesloe Beach]]
 | image8                 = High Street, Fremantle, Western Australia.jpg
 | alt8                   = Historic district of Fremantle
 | caption8               = Historic district of [[Fremantle]] 
 }}
|caption = <!-- Consider adding pictures of other things -->
| coordinates        = {{coord |region:AU-WA_type:city(2,224,475)_dim:65km |name={{wikidata |property |P1448 }} |display=inline,title |format=dms}}
| relief             = yes
| force_national_map = yes
| pop                = 2,309,338 <!-- NOTE: UPDATES TO POPULATION NUMBER REQUIRE A RELIABLE SOURCE (usually from Australian Bureau of Statistics) -->
| pop_year           = 2023
| pop_footnotes      = <ref name=ABSERP18>{{cite web|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|title=Regional population - 2022-23 financial year|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/2022-23|date=26 March 2024|access-date=26 March 2024|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330092152/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release|url-status=live}}</ref>
| poprank            = 4th
| density            = 
| density_footnotes  = 
| est                = [[Western Australia Day|4 June]] 1829
| area               = 6417.9
| area_footnotes     = (GCCSA)<ref name="ABSGCCSAXLS">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~5GPER/$File/BCP_5GPER.zip?OpenElement |title=Greater Perth: Basic Community Profile |publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |work=2011 Census Community Profiles |date=28 March 2013 |format=XLS |access-date=9 April 2014 |archive-date=1 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501105423/https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~5GPER/$File/BCP_5GPER.zip?OpenElement |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| timezone           = [[Time in Australia#Western Australia|AWST]]
| utc                = +08:00
| dist1              = 2130
| location1          = [[Adelaide]]<ref name="Distance">{{cite web|url=https://geodesyapps.ga.gov.au/distance|title=As the Cocky Flies|agency=[[Geoscience Australia]]|publisher=[[Australian Government]]|access-date=1 January 2023|archive-date=9 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109054332/https://geodesyapps.ga.gov.au/distance|url-status=live}}</ref>
| dist2              = 2652
| location2          = [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]]<ref name="Distance"/>
| dist3              = 2721
| location3          = [[Melbourne]]<ref name="Distance"/>
| dist4              = 3088
| location4          = [[Canberra]]<ref name="Distance"/>
| dist5              = 3298
| location5          = [[Sydney]]<ref name="Distance"/>
| stategov           = [[Electoral district of Perth|Perth]] (and 41 others)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boundaries.wa.gov.au/2011/Final/QuickLinks/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227041615/http://www.boundaries.wa.gov.au/2011/Final/QuickLinks/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 February 2013 |title=2011 Electoral Boundaries |access-date=20 February 2014 |year=2014 |publisher=State of Western Australia – Office of the Electoral Distribution Commissioners }}</ref>
| fedgov             = [[Division of Perth|Perth]] (and 11 others)<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.aec.gov.au/Electorates/Redistributions/2021/wa/final-report/files/maps-divisions/2021-AEC-WA-Composite-Greater%20Perth-Final.pdf |title=2021-AEC-WA-Composite-Greater Perth-Final |access-date=30 May 2023 |year=2021 |publisher=[[Australian Electoral Commission]]|archive-date=15 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715094511/https://www.aec.gov.au/Electorates/Redistributions/2021/wa/final-report/files/maps-divisions/2021-AEC-WA-Composite-Greater%20Perth-Final.pdf}}</ref>
| maxtemp            = 24.8
| mintemp            = 12.8
| rainfall           = 731.1
}}
'''Perth''' ({{langx|nys|Boorloo}}) is the [[list of Australian capital cities|capital city]] of [[Western Australia]]. It is the [[list of cities in Australia by population|fourth-most-populous city]] in [[Australia]], with a population of over 2.3 million within [[Greater Perth]] {{as of|2023|lc=y}}. The [[Extremes on Earth#Other places considered the most remote|world's most isolated major city]] by certain criteria, Perth is part of the [[South West Land Division]] of Western Australia, with most of [[Perth metropolitan region|Perth's metropolitan area]] on the [[Swan Coastal Plain]] between the [[Indian Ocean]] and the [[Darling Scarp]]. The city has expanded outward from the original British settlements on the [[Swan River (Western Australia)|Swan River]], upon which its [[#Central business district|central business district]] and port of [[Fremantle]] are situated.

Perth was founded by [[James Stirling (Royal Navy officer)|Captain James Stirling]] in 1829 as the administrative centre of the [[Swan River Colony]]. The city is situated on the traditional lands of the [[Whadjuk]] [[Noongar]] people, where [[Aboriginal Australian]]s have lived for at least 48,000 years. Perth was named after the city of [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] in [[Scotland]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Founding of Perth |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/founding-of-perth#:~:text=Perth%20was%20founded%20by%20Captain,roads%20and%20other%20public%20infrastructure. |access-date=18 October 2024 |website=National Museum Australia}}</ref> Initially established as a free settlement, the colony accepted [[convicts in Australia|transported convicts]] from 1850 to supply labour for public works and construction. Perth was proclaimed as a city by [[Queen Victoria]] in 1856.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Council |url=https://perth.wa.gov.au/council/about-council/history-of-the-council |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=perth.wa.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> Substantial population growth occurred during the late 19th-century [[Western Australian gold rushes]], and the city has continued to expand, particularly after [[World War II]] due to a high [[net migration rate]]. [[Post-war immigration to Australia|Post-war immigrants]] were predominantly from the British Isles and Southern Europe, while more recent arrivals see a growing population of Asian descent. During the late 20th and early 21st centuries, a series of mining booms in various regions of Western Australia propelled Perth into the role of the regional headquarters for significant [[mining in Western Australia|mining operations]]. It became Australia's fourth-most populated city in 1984, overtaking [[Adelaide]].<ref>{{cite web|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2012–13 |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/products/AC53A071B4B231A6CA257CAE000ECCE5|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=31 May 2025|date=30 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322203146/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/products/AC53A071B4B231A6CA257CAE000ECCE5|archive-date=22 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Ranked as one of the world's [[most liveable cities]], Perth was classified by the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]] as a Beta [[global city]] in 2020. {{As of|2021|post=,}} Perth is divided into [[Perth metropolitan region#Subregions and local government areas|30 local government areas]], comprising over [[list of Perth suburbs|350 suburbs]]. The metropolitan contours span {{convert|125|km}} from [[Two Rocks]] in the north to [[Singleton, Western Australia|Singleton]] in the south, and {{convert|45|km}} from the west coast to [[Sawyers Valley, Western Australia|Sawyers Valley]] in the east. Beyond the central business district, predominant urban centres within the metropolitan area include [[Armadale, Western Australia|Armadale]], [[Fremantle]], [[Joondalup]], [[Midland, Western Australia|Midland]] and [[Rockingham, Western Australia|Rockingham]]. Most of those were originally established as separate settlements and retained a distinct identity after being subsumed into the wider metropolitan area. [[Mandurah]], Western Australia's second-largest city, forms a [[conurbation]] with Perth along the coastline. Despite this, it is generally regarded as an independent city.

Perth is home to many parkland areas and nature reserves, the most-visited being [[Kings Park, Western Australia|Kings Park and Botanic Garden]], one of the world's largest inner-city parks. Other popular natural features include [[Cottesloe Beach]] and [[Rottnest Island]]. Notable [[list of heritage buildings in Perth, Western Australia|heritage buildings]] and cultural sites include [[Perth Mint]], [[Western Australian Museum|WA Museum Boola Bardip]] and the World Heritage-listed [[Fremantle Prison]]. All five of Western Australia's universities are based in Perth. The city is served by [[Fremantle Harbour]] and [[Perth Airport]].