Editing Pervasive developmental disorder (section)

{{Short description|Developmental disorder; related to autism}}
{{Redirect|PDD|dementia associated with Parkinson's disease|Parkinson's disease dementia|other uses|PDD (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|PDD-NOS|Developmental disorder}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Pervasive developmental disorder
| field           = [[Psychiatry]], [[pediatrics]]
| synonyms        =
| symptoms        =
| complications   =
| onset           =
| duration        =
| types           =
| causes          =
| risks           =
| diagnosis       =
| differential    =
| prevention      =
| treatment       =
| medication      =
| prognosis       =
| frequency       =
| deaths          =
}}

The diagnostic category '''pervasive developmental disorders''' ('''PDD'''), as opposed to [[specific developmental disorder]]s (SDD), was a group of [[mental illness|disorder]]s characterized by delays in the development of multiple basic functions including [[socialization]] and [[communication]]. It was defined by the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] (DSM) (from 1980 to 2013), and the [[International Classification of Diseases]] (ICD) (until 2022).

The pervasive developmental disorders included [[Classic autism|autism]], [[Asperger syndrome]], [[pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified]] (PDD-NOS), [[childhood disintegrative disorder]] (CDD), overactive disorder associated with intellectual disability and stereotyped movements, and [[Rett syndrome]].<ref name="ICD10" /> The first four of these disorders are commonly called the [[autism spectrum disorders]]; the last disorder is much rarer, and is sometimes placed in the autism spectrum and sometimes not.<ref name="Lord C, Cook EH, Leventhal BL, Amaral DG 2000 355–63">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lord C, Cook EH, Leventhal BL, Amaral DG |s2cid= 7100507|title= Autism spectrum disorders|journal=Neuron |volume=28 |issue=2 |year=2000 |pages=355–63 |doi=10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00115-X |pmid=11144346|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Johnson">{{cite journal |journal=Pediatrics |year=2007 |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1183–215 |title= Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders |vauthors= Johnson CP, Myers SM, ((Council on Children with Disabilities)) |doi=10.1542/peds.2007-2361 |pmid=17967920 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/120/5/1183 |doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

There is a division among doctors on the use of the term PDD.<ref name="NICHCY">[[National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities]] (NICHCY) (October 2003) ''[http://www.nichcy.org/pubs/factshe/fs20txt.htm Disability Info: Pervasive Developmental Disorders (FS20).] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309164405/http://www.nichcy.org/pubs/factshe/fs20txt.htm|date=2008-03-09}}'' Fact Sheet 20 (FS20)</ref> Many use the term PDD as a short way of saying PDD-NOS.<ref name="NICHCY" /> Others diagnose the general category label of PDD because they are hesitant to diagnose very young children with a specific type of PDD, such as autism.<ref name="NICHCY" /> Both approaches contribute to confusion about the term, because the term PDD is intended by its coiners and major bodies to refer to a category of disorders and not be used as a diagnostic label.<ref name="NICHCY" />

The terminology PDD and ASD is often used interchangeably and varies depending on location.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}

The onset of pervasive developmental disorders occurs during infancy, but the condition is usually not identified until the child is around three years old. Parents may begin to question the health of their child when developmental milestones are not met, including [[age appropriate]] motor movement and speech production.<ref>{{cite web|author=Autism Health Center|title=Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) |url=http://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/development-disorder|publisher=WebMD|access-date=2013-06-29}}</ref>

The fifth edition of the DSM removed PDD as a category of diagnoses, and largely replaced it with ASD and a measure of the relative severity of the condition.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Posar |first1=Annio |last2=Resca |first2=Federica |last3=Visconti |first3=Paola |date=2015 |title=Autism according to diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5(th) edition: The need for further improvements |journal=Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.4103/1817-1745.159195 |issn=1817-1745 |pmc=4489060 |pmid=26167220 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The eleventh edition of the ICD also removed the category.