Editing Peshitta (section)

{{Short description|Standard Syriac Christianity version of the Bible}}
{{redirect|psitta|the suffix "-psitta" as used in taxonomy|List of commonly used taxonomic affixes}}
{{stack|
|{{Bible translation infobox
|image= Peshitta (1).jpg
|caption=9th-century manuscript
| translation_title=Peshitta
| full_name=<span dir="rtl">ܡܦܩܬܐ ܦܫܝܛܬܐ</span> ''mappaqtâ pšîṭtâ''
| other_names=Peshitta, Peshittâ, Pshitta, Pšittâ, Pshitto, Fshitto
| NT_published= 3rd-5th century <ref>{{Cite web |title=Peshitta {{!}} Definition, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Peshitta |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
| OT_published= 2nd century
| complete_bible_published=
| author_info=
| textual_basis=
| translation_type=[[Syriac language]]
| version_revised=
| publisher=
| copyright=
| copies_printed=
| religious_affiliation=[[Syriac Christianity]]
| online_address=
| genesis_1:1-3= ܒܪܵܫܝܼܬܼ ܒ̣ܪܵܐ ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ ܝܵܬ݂ ܫܡܲܝܵܐ ܘܝܵܬ݂ ܐܲܪܥܵܐ ܘܐܲܪܥܵܐ ܗ̣ܘܵܬ݂ ܬܘܿܗ ܘܒ݂ܘܿܗ ܘܚܸܫܘܿܟ݂ܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܐܲܦܲܝ̈ ܬܗܘܿܡܵܐ ܘܪܘܼܚܹܗ ܕܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ ܡܪܲܚܦܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܐܲܦܲܝ̈ ܡܲܝ̈ܵܐ ܘܐܸܡ̣ܲܪ݂ ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ: ܢܸܗ̣ܘܸܐ ܢܘܼܗܪܵܐ ܘܲܗ̣ܘܵܐ ܢܘܼܗܪܵܐ
| john_3:16=ܗܵܟ݂ܲܢܵܐ ܓܹܝܪ ܐܲܚܸܒ݂ ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ ܠܥܵܠܡܵܐ ܐܲܝܟܲܢܵܐ ܕܠܲܒ݂ܪܸܗ ܝܼܚܝܼܕ݂ܵܝܵܐ ܢܸܬܸܠ ܕܟ݂ܿܠ ܡ̇ܲܢ ܕܲܡܗܲܝܡܸܢ ܒܸܗ ܠܵܐ ܢܹܐܒ݂ܲܕ݂ ܐܸܠܵܐ ܢܸܗܘܘܼܢ ܠܸܗ ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܲܠܥܵܠܲܡ
}}
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{{Bible related}}
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The '''Peshitta''' ({{langx|syc|ܦܫܺܝܛܬܳܐ}} ''or'' {{lang|syc|ܦܫܝܼܛܬܵܐ}} ''{{Transliteration|syc|pšīṭta}}'') is the standard Syriac [[Bible translations|edition]] of the [[Bible]] for [[Syriac Christianity|Syriac]] [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Church (congregation)|churches]] and traditions that follow the [[ritual family|liturgies]] of the Syriac Rites.

The Peshitta is originally and traditionally written in the [[Classical Syriac]] dialect of the [[Aramaic language]], although editions of the Peshitta can be translated and/or written in different [[language]]s.

The consensus within biblical scholarship, although not universal, is that the [[Old Testament]] of the Peshitta was translated into [[Syriac language|Syriac]] from [[Biblical Hebrew]], probably in the 2nd century CE, and that the [[New Testament]] of the Peshitta was translated from [[Koine Greek]], probably in the early 5th century.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Sebastian P. |last1=Brock|url=https://archive.org/stream/TheBibleInTheSyriacTradition/BrockTheBibleInTheSyriacTradition#page/n7/mode/2up|title=The Bible in the Syriac Tradition|publisher=St. Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute|year=1988|page=13|quote=The Peshitta Old Testament was translated directly from the original Hebrew text, and the Peshitta New Testament directly from the original Greek}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Metzger |first1=Bruce M. |title=The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission and Limitations |date=1977 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=57&ndash;58 |quote=The hypothesis that the Peshitta version of the New Testament was made by or for Rabbula, bishop of Edessa, probably in the early years of his episcopate, which extended from A.D. 411 to 435 (...) The hypothesis of the Rabbulan authorship of the Peshitta New Testament soon came to be adopted by almost all scholars, being persuaded perhaps more by the confidence with which Burkitt propounded it than by any proof other than circumstantial evidence.}}</ref> This New Testament, originally excluding certain [[Antilegomena|disputed books]] ([[2 Peter]], [[2 John]], [[3 John]], [[Epistle of Jude|Jude]], [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]]), had become a standard by the early 5th century. The five excluded books were added in the [[Harklean Version]] (616 CE) of [[Thomas of Harqel]].<ref name="Bromiley1995">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Bromiley |first=Geoffrey W. |author-link=Geoffrey W. Bromiley |title=The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Q-Z |year=1995 |page=976 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |quote=Printed editions of the Peshitta frequently contain these books in order to fill the gaps. D. Harklean Version. The Harklean version is connected with the labors of Thomas of Harqel. When thousands were fleeing Khosrou's invading armies, ... |isbn=0-8028-3784-0}}</ref><ref name="Kiraz1996">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kiraz |first=George Anton |author-link=George Kiraz |orig-year=1996 |title=Comparative Edition of the Syriac Gospels: Aligning the Old Syriac Sinaiticus, Curetonianus, Peshitta and Harklean Versions |location=[[Piscataway, New Jersey]] |publisher=[[Gorgias Press]] |year=2002 |edition=2nd}}</ref><ref name="Kiraz2004">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kiraz |first=George Anton |author-link=George Kiraz |orig-year=1996 |title=Comparative Edition of the Syriac Gospels: Aligning the Old Syriac Sinaiticus, Curetonianus, Peshitta and Harklean Versions  |location=[[Piscataway, New Jersey]] |publisher=[[Gorgias Press]] |year=2004 |edition=3rd}}</ref> The New Testament of the Peshitta often reflects the [[Byzantine text-type]], although with some variations.<ref name="earlyvers-nt">{{Cite book |last=Metzger |first=Bruce Manning |title=The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission and Limitations |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1977 |isbn=0-19-826170-5 |location=New York; Oxford |page=61 |author-link=Bruce M. Metzger}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pickering |first=Wilbur N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlhNAwAAQBAJ&dq=Peshitta+Byzantine+Wilbur&pg=PA14 |title=Identity of the New Testament Text III |date=2012-04-16 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-62032-097-6 |language=en}}</ref>