Editing Philipp Scheidemann (section)

{{Short description|German politician (1865–1939)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Philipp Scheidemann
| image               = Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1979-122-29A, Philipp Scheidemann (cropped).jpg
| caption             = Scheidemann {{circa}} 1918
| office              = [[Chancellor of Germany|Minister President of Germany]]
| term_start          = 13 February 1919
| term_end            = 20 June 1919
| president           = [[Friedrich Ebert]]
| deputy              = [[Eugen Schiffer]]<br />[[Bernhard Dernburg]]
| predecessor         = [[Friedrich Ebert]] (''de facto'')
| successor           = [[Gustav Bauer]]
| office1             = Mayor of [[Kassel]]
| term_start1         = 19 November 1919
| term_end1           = 1 October 1925
| predecessor1        = [[Erich Koch-Weser]]
| successor1          = Herbert Stadler
| office2             = <!-- Co-Chair of the [[Council of the People's Deputies]]
|term_start2    = 29 December 1918
|term_end2      = 11 February 1919
|1blankname2    = Serving with
|1namedata2     = Friedrich Ebert
|predecessor2   = [[Hugo Haase]]
|successor2     = Office abolished -->
| office4             = <!-- Member of the [[Council of the People's Deputies]]
|term_start4    = 10 November 1918
|term_end4      = 11 February 1919
|1blankname4    = Portfolio
|1namedata4     = Financial Affairs -->
| office3             = [[List of German colonial ministers|Minister for the Colonies]]
| term_start3         = 13 December 1918
| term_end3           = 13 February 1919
| chancellor3         = Friedrich Ebert
| predecessor3        = [[Wilhelm Solf]]
| successor3          = [[Johannes Bell]]
| office5             = ''Staatssekretär'' without Portfolio
| chancellor5         = [[Prince Maximilian of Baden|Max von Baden]]
| term_start5         = 4 October 1918
| term_end5           = 9 November 1918
| predecessor5        = Office established
| successor5          = Office abolished
| office6             = [[Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany|Leader of the Social Democratic Party]]
| term_start6         = 20 October 1917
| term_end6           = 15 June 1919
| 1blankname6         = {{nowrap|Serving with}}
| 1namedata6          = Friedrich Ebert
| predecessor6        = Hugo Haase
| successor6          = [[Hermann Müller (politician, born 1876)|Herman Müller]]<br />[[Otto Wels]]
| office7             = Member of the [[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)|Reichstag]]<br />for [[Province of Hesse-Nassau|Hesse-Nassau]]
| subterm7            = 1919–1920
| suboffice7          = [[Weimar National Assembly]]
| term_start7         = 6 February 1919
| term_end7           = 22 March 1933
| predecessor7        = Constituency established
| successor7          = Constituency abolished
| office8             = Member of the [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]]<br />for [[Düsseldorf]] 3
| term_start8         = 3 December 1903
| term_end8           = 9 November 1918
| predecessor8        = Louis Sabin
| successor8          = Constituency abolished
| birth_name          = Philipp Heinrich Scheidemann
| birth_date          = 26 July 1865
| birth_place         = [[Kassel]], [[Electorate of Hesse]], [[German Confederation]]
| death_date          = 29 November 1939 (aged 74)
| death_place         = [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]]
| party               = [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] (1883–1939)
| spouse              = Johanna Dibbern
| children            = Lina<br />Liese<br />Hedwig
| alma_mater          = 
}}

'''Philipp Heinrich Scheidemann''' (26 July 1865 – 29 November 1939) was a German politician of the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] (SPD). In the first quarter of the 20th century he played a leading role in both his party and in the young [[Weimar Republic]]. During the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919]] that broke out after Germany's defeat in [[World War I]], Scheidemann [[Proclamation of the republic in Germany|proclaimed a German Republic]] from a balcony of the [[Reichstag building]]. In 1919 he was elected Reich Minister President by the [[Weimar National Assembly|National Assembly]] meeting in [[Weimar]] to write a constitution for the republic. He resigned the office the same year due to a lack of unanimity in the cabinet on whether or not to accept the terms of the [[Treaty of Versailles]].

Scheidemann continued to be a member of the Reichstag until 1933 and served as mayor of his native city of [[Kassel]] from 1920 to 1925. After [[Adolf Hitler]] and the [[Nazi Party]] came to power in 1933, he went into exile because he was considered one of the "[[November criminals]]" held to be responsible for Germany's defeat in the war and the collapse of the [[German Empire]]. While in exile he wrote extensively about German politics. He died in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], in 1939.